Late-time Cooling of Neutron Star Transients and the Physics of the Inner Crust

Deibel, Alex; Cumming, Andrew; Brown, Edward F.; Reddy, Sanjay

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6a19

Late-time Cooling of Neutron Star Transients and the Physics of the Inner Crust

Journal Article · Thu Apr 20 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa6a19· OSTI ID:1537184

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; Reddy, Sanjay ^[4]

Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); DOE/OSTI
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada)
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)

An accretion outburst onto a neutron star transient heats the neutron star's crust out of thermal equilibrium with the core. After the outburst, the crust thermally relaxes toward equilibrium with the neutron star core, and the surface thermal emission powers the quiescent X-ray light curve. Crust cooling models predict that thermal equilibrium of the crust will be established $$\approx 1000\,\mathrm{days}$$ into quiescence. Recent observations of the cooling neutron star transient MXB 1659-29, however, suggest that the crust did not reach thermal equilibrium with the core on the predicted timescale and continued to cool after $$\approx 2500\,\mathrm{days}$$ into quiescence. Because the quiescent light curve reveals successively deeper layers of the crust, the observed late-time cooling of MXB 1659-29 depends on the thermal transport in the inner crust. In particular, the observed late-time cooling is consistent with a low thermal conductivity layer near the depth predicted for nuclear pasta that maintains a temperature gradient between the neutron star's inner crust and core for thousands of days into quiescence. As a result, the temperature near the crust–core boundary remains above the critical temperature for neutron superfluidity, and a layer of normal neutrons forms in the inner crust. We find that the late-time cooling of MXB 1659-29 is consistent with heat release from a normal neutron layer near the crust–core boundary with a long thermal time. We also investigate the effect of inner crust physics on the predicted cooling curves of the accreting transient KS 1731-260 and the magnetar SGR 1627-41.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-00ER41132

OSTI ID:: 1537184

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 22872785

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 839; ISSN 1538-4357

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Nuclear physics of the outer layers of accreting neutron stars Meisel, Zach; Deibel, Alex; Keek, Laurens Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 45, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/aad171	journal	July 2018
Continued cooling of the accretion-heated neutron star crust in the X-ray transient IGR J17480–2446 located in the globular cluster Terzan 5 Ootes, L. S.; Vats, S.; Page, D. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1406	journal	May 2019
On the weak magnetic field of millisecond pulsars: does it decay before accretion? Cruces, Marilyn; Reisenegger, Andreas; Tauris, Thomas M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2701	journal	October 2019
Domains and defects in nuclear pasta Schneider, A. S.; Caplan, M. E.; Berry, D. K. Physical Review C, Vol. 98, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.98.055801	journal	November 2018
Flux Relaxation after Two Outbursts of the Magnetar SGR 1627–41 and Possible Hard X-Ray Emission An, Hongjun; Cumming, Andrew; Kaspi, Victoria M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabafb	journal	May 2018
Nuclear Reactions in the Crusts of Accreting Neutron Stars Lau, R.; Beard, M.; Gupta, S. S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabfe0	journal	May 2018
Crust-cooling Models Are Insensitive to the Crust–Core Transition Pressure for Realistic Equations of State Lalit, Sudhanva; Meisel, Zach; Brown, Edward F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab338c	journal	September 2019
Cooling of Accretion-Heated Neutron Stars Wijnands, Rudy; Degenaar, Nathalie; Page, Dany arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1709.07034	text	January 2017
Nuclear Reactions in the Crusts of Accreting Neutron Stars Lau, R.; Beard, M.; Gupta, S. S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.03818	text	January 2018
Continued cooling of the accretion-heated neutron star crust in the X-ray transient IGR J17480-2446 located in the globular cluster Terzan 5 Ootes, L. S.; Vats, S.; Page, D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.00610	text	January 2018
Domains and defects in nuclear "pasta" Schneider, Andre da Silva; Caplan, Matt E.; Berry, Don K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.00102	text	January 2018
Nuclear Physics of the Outer Layers of Accreting Neutron Stars Meisel, Zach; Deibel, Alex; Keek, Laurens arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.01150	text	January 2018
On the weak magnetic field of millisecond pulsars: Does it decay before accretion? Cruces, Marilyn; Reisenegger, Andreas; Tauris, Thomas M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.06076	text	January 2019

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