Benthic storms, nepheloid layers, and linkage with upper ocean dynamics in the western North Atlantic

Gardner, Wilford D.; Tucholke, Brian E.; Richardson, Mary Jo; Biscaye, Pierre E.

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2016.12.012

Benthic storms, nepheloid layers, and linkage with upper ocean dynamics in the western North Atlantic

Journal Article · Tue Jan 10 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Marine Geology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.12.012· OSTI ID:1534072

^[1]; Tucholke, Brian E. ^[2]; Richardson, Mary Jo ^[3]; Biscaye, Pierre E. ^[4]

Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States); DOE/OSTI
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA (United States)
Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States). Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

Benthic storms are episodic periods of strong abyssal currents and intense, benthic nepheloid (turbid) layer development. In order to interpret the driving forces that create and sustain these storms, we synthesize measurements of deep ocean currents, nephelometer-based particulate matter (PM) concentrations, and seafloor time-series photographs collected during several science programs that spanned two decades in the western North Atlantic. Benthic storms occurred in areas with high sea-surface eddy kinetic energy, and they most frequently occurred beneath the meandering Gulf Stream or its associated rings, which generate deep cyclones, anticyclones, and/or topographic waves; these create currents with sufficient bed-shear stress to erode and resuspend sediment, thus initiating or enhancing benthic storms. Occasionally, strong currents do not correspond with large increases in PM concentrations, suggesting that easily erodible sediment was previously swept away. Periods of moderate to low currents associated with high PM concentrations are also observed; these are interpreted as advection of PM delivered as storm tails from distal storm events. Outside of areas with high surface and deep eddy kinetic energy, benthic nepheloid layers are weak to non-existent, indicating that benthic storms are necessary to create and maintain strong nepheloid layers. Origins and intensities of benthic storms are best identified using a combination of time-series measurements of bottom currents, PM concentration, and bottom photographs, and these should be coupled with water-column and surface-circulation data to better interpret the specific relations between shallow and deep circulation patterns. Understanding the generation of benthic nepheloid layers is necessary in order to properly interpret PM distribution and its influence on global biogeochemistry.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR); USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-87ER60555

OSTI ID:: 1534072

Journal Information:: Marine Geology, Journal Name: Marine Geology Journal Issue: C Vol. 385; ISSN 0025-3227

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Benthic storms, nepheloid layers, and linkage with upper ocean dynamics in the western North Atlantic

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