Quasi-Steady-State Polarization Reveals the Interplay of Capacitive and Faradaic Processes in Capacitive Deionization

Holubowitch, Nicolas; Omosebi, Ayokunle; Gao, Xin; Landon, James; Liu, Kunlei

doi:10.1002/celc.201700082

Title: Quasi-Steady-State Polarization Reveals the Interplay of Capacitive and Faradaic Processes in Capacitive Deionization

Journal Article · Thu May 11 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · ChemElectroChem

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201700082· OSTI ID:1533132

Holubowitch, Nicolas ^[1]; Omosebi, Ayokunle ^[1]; Gao, Xin ^[1]; Landon, James ^[1]; Liu, Kunlei ^[1]

Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States)

Abstract We employ slow cyclic voltammetry to study the quasi‐steady‐state capacitive deionization (CDI) of aerated 10 mM NaCl from V _cell =−0.2 to 2 V. The method allows for the deconvolution of capacitive and faradaic processes, which are significant even at low voltage, in conjunction with pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and electrode potential measurements. The pH at three locations and effluent DO data identify asymmetric electrosorption in the cell configured with pristine activated carbon electrodes, where charge is irreversibly consumed to produce H ⁺ /OH ⁻ instead of reversibly adsorbing Cl ⁻ /Na ⁺ . Implementing a reference electrode resolves ion adsorption as a function of the individual potential at each electrode. Near‐electrode pH probes reveal pH environments that diverge by up to 8 units during cell polarization and allow more accurate calculation of faradaic redox potentials in a flow‐by CDI cell. In the aerated NaCl solution that will be relevant to industrial‐scale water treatment, we find that DO reduction occurs to a greater degree than Na ⁺ adsorption at the cathode until DO removal becomes mass transfer limited at <−0.2 V vs. SHE. Two cell architectures – flow‐by and flow‐through – corroborate our findings. Finally, we reconcile all measurements to generate a map displaying how the potential is partitioned amongst the capacitive and faradaic processes occurring during CDI operation over a 2.2 V window.

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Research Organization:: West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Policy and International Affairs (PO); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: PI0000017

OSTI ID:: 1533132

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1389886

Journal Information:: ChemElectroChem, Vol. 4, Issue 9; ISSN 2196-0216

Publisher:: ChemPubSoc EuropeCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 45 works

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Electrochemistry
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Title: Quasi-Steady-State Polarization Reveals the Interplay of Capacitive and Faradaic Processes in Capacitive Deionization

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