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Mixing and warming of cryogenic hydrogen releases

Journal Article · · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
 [1];  [2]
  1. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Karnataka (India)

Laboratory measurements were made on the concentration and temperature fields of cryogenic hydrogen jets. Images of spontaneous Raman scattering from a pulsed planar laser sheet were used to measure the concentration and temperature fields from varied releases. Jets with up to 5 bar pressure, with near-liquid temperatures at the release point, were characterized in this work. This data is relevant for characterizing unintended leaks from piping connected to cryogenic hydrogen storage tanks, such as might be encountered at a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle fueling station. The average centerline mass fraction was observed to decay at a rate similar to room temperature hydrogen jets, while the half-width of the Gaussian profiles of mass fraction were observed to spread more slowly than for room temperature hydrogen. This suggests that the mixing and models for cryogenic hydrogen may be different than for room temperature hydrogen. Results from this work were also compared to a one-dimensional (streamwise) model. Good agreement was seen in terms of temperature and mass fraction. Furthermore, a validated version of this model will be exercised to quantitatively assess the risk at hydrogen fueling stations with cryogenic hydrogen on-site.

Research Organization:
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Fuel Cell Technologies Program (EE-2H)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC04-94AL85000
OSTI ID:
1529288
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1703609
OSTI ID: 1507509
OSTI ID: 1470922
Report Number(s):
SAND--2018-7244J; 665497
Journal Information:
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Name: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Journal Issue: 17 Vol. 44; ISSN 0360-3199
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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