Revisiting the SUSY μ problem and its solutions in the LHC era

Bae, Kyu Jung; Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Sengupta, Dibyashree

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.115027

Title: Revisiting the SUSY $μ$ problem and its solutions in the LHC era

Journal Article · Fri Jun 21 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Physical Review. D.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.115027· OSTI ID:1528667

Bae, Kyu Jung; Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Sengupta, Dibyashree

The supersymmetry preserving mu parameter in SUSY theories is naively expected to be of order the Planck scale while phenomenology requires it to be of order the weak scale. This is the famous SUSY mu problem. Its solution involves two steps: 1. first forbid mu, perhaps via some symmetry, and then 2. re-generate it of order the scale of soft SUSY breaking terms. However, present LHC limits suggest the soft breaking scale m_{soft} lies in the multi-TeV regime whilst naturalness requires mu~ m_{W,Z,h}~ 100 GeV so that a Little Hierarchy (LH) appears with mu << m_{soft}. We review twenty previously devised solutions to the SUSY mu problem and re-evaluate them in light of whether they are apt to support the LH. We organize the twenty solutions according to: 1. solutions from supergravity/superstring constructions, 2. extended MSSM solutions, 3. solutions from an extra local U(1)' and 4. solutions involving Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry and axions. Early solutions would invoke a global Peccei-Quinn symmetry to forbid the mu term while relating the mu solution to solving the strong CP problem via the axion. We discuss the gravity-safety issue pertaining to global symmetries and the movement instead toward local gauge symmetries or R-symmetries, either continuous or discrete. At present, discrete R-symmetries of order M (Z_M^R) which emerge as remnants of Lorentz symmetry of compact dimensions seem favored. Even so, a wide variety of regenerative mechanisms are possible, some of which relate to other issues such as the strong CP problem or the generation of neutrino masses. We also discuss the issue of experimental verification or falsifiability of various solutions to the mu problem. Almost all solutions seem able to accommodate the LH.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0009956

OSTI ID:: 1528667

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1600538

Report Number(s):: arXiv:1902.10748; PRVDAQ; 115027

Journal Information:: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Vol. 99 Journal Issue: 11; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 14 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (169)

Solutions to the strong-CP problem in a world with gravity Holman, Richard; Hsu, Stephen D. H.; Kephart, Thomas W. Physics Letters B, Vol. 282, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(92)90491-L	journal	May 1992
R symmetry and the μ problem Hall, Lawrence J.; Nomura, Yasunori; Pierce, Aaron Physics Letters B, Vol. 538, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02043-9	journal	July 2002
Peccei-Quinn symmetry from a gauged discrete $R$ symmetry Harigaya, Keisuke; Ibe, Masahiro; Schmitz, Kai Physical Review D, Vol. 88, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.88.075022	journal	October 2013
Upper Bound of the Lightest Higgs Boson Mass in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model Okada, Yasuhiro; Yamaguchi, Masahiro; Yanagida, Tsutomu Progress of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.85.1	journal	January 1991
Radiative breaking of Peccei-Quinn symmetry at the intermediate mass scale Murayama, H.; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Yanagida, T. Physics Letters B, Vol. 291, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(92)91397-R	journal	October 1992
A unique <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:msubsup></mml:math> symmetry for the MSSM Lee, Hyun Min; Raby, Stuart; Ratz, Michael Physics Letters B, Vol. 694, Issue 4-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2010.10.038	journal	January 2011
Coupled Boltzmann computation of mixed axion neutralino dark matter in the SUSY DFSZ axion model Bae, Kyu Jung; Baer, Howard; Lessa, Andre Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2014, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2014/10/082	journal	October 2014
Prospects for axion detection in natural SUSY with mixed axion-higgsino dark matter: back to invisible? Bae, Kyu Jung; Baer, Howard; Serce, Hasan Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2017, Issue 06 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/06/024	journal	June 2017
Observables in Low-Energy Superstring Models Ellis, John; Enqvist, K.; Nanopoulos, D. V. Modern Physics Letters A, Vol. 01, Issue 01 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732386000105	journal	April 1986
The Higgs mass and natural supersymmetric spectrum from the landscape Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Savoy, Michael Physics Letters B, Vol. 758 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.05.010	journal	July 2016
Gravity and global symmetries Kallosh, Renata; Linde, Andrei; Linde, Dmitri Physical Review D, Vol. 52, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.52.912	journal	July 1995
Naturalness and light Higgsinos: why ILC is the right machine for SUSY discovery Lehtinen, Suvi-Leena; Baer, Howard; Berggren, Mikael Proceedings of The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics — PoS(EPS-HEP2017) https://doi.org/10.22323/1.314.0306	conference	March 2018
Higgs Boson theory and phenomenology Carena, M.; Haber, H. E. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6410(02)00177-1	journal	January 2003
Weak symmetry breaking by radiative corrections in broken supergravity Ellis, John; Hagelin, John S.; Nanopoulos, D. V. Physics Letters B, Vol. 125, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(83)91283-2	journal	June 1983
Gravity and the domain-wall problem Rai, Balram; Senjanović, Goran Physical Review D, Vol. 49, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.49.2729	journal	March 1994
Discrete $R$ symmetries and low energy supersymmetry Dine, Michael; Kehayias, John Physical Review D, Vol. 82, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.82.055014	journal	September 2010
The Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model Ellwanger, Ulrich; Hugonie, Cyril; Teixeira, Ana M. Physics Reports, Vol. 496, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2010.07.001	journal	November 2010
Axions in inflationary cosmology Linde, Andrei Physics Letters B, Vol. 259, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(91)90130-I	journal	April 1991
Upper bounds on supersymmetric particle masses Barbieri, R.; Giudice, G. F. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 306, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(88)90171-X	journal	August 1988
LHC SUSY and WIMP dark matter searches confront the string theory landscape Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Salam, Shadman Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2019)043	journal	April 2019
Locally supersymmetric SU(5) grand unification Ibáñez, Luis Physics Letters B, Vol. 118, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(82)90604-9	journal	December 1982
Theory and phenomenology of μ in M theory Samir Acharya, Bobby; Kane, Gordon; Kuflik, Eric Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2011, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2011)033	journal	May 2011
Supersymmetry, naturalness and light higgsinos Mustafayev, Azar; Tata, Xerxes Indian Journal of Physics, Vol. 88, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-014-0504-8	journal	May 2014
Neutrino Majorana masses from string theory instanton effects Ibáñez, Luis E.; Uranga, Angel M. Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2007, Issue 03 https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2007/03/052	journal	March 2007
SU(2)L × U(1) symmetry breaking as a radiative effect of supersymmetry breaking in GUTs Ibán̄ez, Luis; Ross, Graham G. Physics Letters B, Vol. 110, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(82)91239-4	journal	April 1982
Spontaneous discrete symmetry breaking during inflation and the NMSSM domain wall problem McDonald, John Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 530, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0550-3213(98)00414-3	journal	October 1998
Gauge hierarchy in a supersymmetric model Kaul, Romesh K. Physics Letters B, Vol. 109, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(82)90453-1	journal	February 1982
Towards a theory of soft terms for the supersymmetric standard model Brignole, A. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 422, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(94)00068-9	journal	July 1994
$G_{2}$ -MSSM: An $M$ theory motivated model of particle physics Acharya, Bobby S.; Bobkov, Konstantin; Kane, Gordon L. Physical Review D, Vol. 78, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.78.065038	journal	September 2008
A simple solution to the strong CP problem with a harmless axion Dine, Michael; Fischler, Willy; Srednicki, Mark Physics Letters B, Vol. 104, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(81)90590-6	journal	August 1981
Stabilizing the axion by discrete gauge symmetries Babu, K. S.; Gogoladze, Ilia; Wang, Kai Physics Letters B, Vol. 560, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00411-8	journal	May 2003
Anomaly-free gauged R-symmetry in local supersymmetry Chamseddine, A. H.; Dreiner, Herbi Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 458, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(95)00583-8	journal	January 1996
Axion-induced topology change in quantum gravity and string theory Giddings, Steven B.; Strominger, Andrew Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 306, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(88)90446-4	journal	September 1988
Large Hierarchies from Approximate $R$ Symmetries Kappl, Rolf; Nilles, Hans Peter; Ramos-Sánchez, Saúl Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.121602	journal	March 2009
Analysis of the parameter space and spectrum of the μνSSM Escudero, Nicolás; López-Fogliani, Daniel E.; Muñoz, Carlos Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2008, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2008/12/099	journal	December 2008
Natural little hierarchy for SUSY from radiative breaking of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry Bae, Kyu Jung; Baer, Howard; Serce, Hasan Physical Review D, Vol. 91, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.91.015003	journal	January 2015
Is natural higgsino-only dark matter excluded? Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Sengupta, Dibyashree The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 78, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6306-y	journal	October 2018
Phenomenology and cosmology with superstrings Lazarides, G.; Panagiotakopoulos, C.; Shafi, Q. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 56, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.432	journal	February 1986
Supersymmetric Unification and r Symmetries Chen, Mu-Chun; Fallbacher, Maximilian; Ratz, Michael Modern Physics Letters A, Vol. 27, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732312300443	journal	December 2012
Review of Particle Physics Tanabashi, M.; Hagiwara, K.; Hikasa, K. Physical Review D, Vol. 98, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.98.030001	journal	August 2018
Dark matter, $μ$ problem, and neutrino mass with gauged $R$ symmetry Choi, Ki-Young; Chun, Eung Jin; Lee, Hyun Min Physical Review D, Vol. 82, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.82.105028	journal	November 2010
Discovering chiral Higgsinos at the CERN LHC Arvanitaki, Asimina Physical Review D, Vol. 81, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.81.075008	journal	April 2010
Electroweak breaking and the $μ$ problem in supergravity models with an additional U(1) Cvetič, M.; Demir, D. A.; Espinosa, J. R. Physical Review D, Vol. 56, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.56.2861	journal	September 1997
Many leptons at the LHC from the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model Barger, Vernon; Shaughnessy, Gabe; Yencho, Brian Physical Review D, Vol. 83, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.83.055006	journal	March 2011
Weak Scale Supersymmetry Baer, Howard; Tata, Xerxes https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511617270	book	January 2006
The soft supersymmetry-breaking Lagrangian: theory and applications Chung, D.; Everett, L.; Kane, G. Physics Reports, Vol. 407, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2004.08.032	journal	February 2005
Revisiting fine-tuning in the MSSM Ross, Graham G.; Schmidt-Hoberg, Kai; Staub, Florian Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2017, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2017)021	journal	March 2017
Naturalness, weak scale supersymmetry, and the prospect for the observation of supersymmetry at the Fermilab Tevatron and at the CERN LHC Chan, Kwok Lung; Chattopadhyay, Utpal; Nath, Pran Physical Review D, Vol. 58, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.58.096004	journal	September 1998
Discrete R symmetries and domain walls Dine, Michael; Takahashi, Fuminobu; Yanagida, Tsutomu T. Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2010, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2010)003	journal	July 2010
Addressing $μ - b_{μ}$ and proton lifetime problems and active neutrino masses in a $U (1)^{'}$ -extended supergravity model Hundi, R. S.; Pakvasa, Sandip; Tata, Xerxes Physical Review D, Vol. 79, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.79.095011	journal	May 2009
Weak interaction breakdown induced by supergravity Nilles, H. P.; Srednicki, M.; Wyler, D. Physics Letters B, Vol. 120, Issue 4-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(83)90460-4	journal	January 1983
Nonstandard supersymmetry breaking and Dirac gaugino masses without supersoftness Martin, Stephen P. Physical Review D, Vol. 92, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.92.035004	journal	August 2015
Radiative natural supersymmetry: Reconciling electroweak fine-tuning and the Higgs boson mass Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Huang, Peisi Physical Review D, Vol. 87, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.87.115028	journal	June 2013
The Next-To-Minimal Supersymmetric Extension of the Standard Model Reviewed Maniatis, M. International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 25, Issue 18n19 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X10049827	journal	July 2010
Supersymmetric origin of neutrino mass Hirsch, M.; Valle, J. W. F. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/076	journal	January 2004
Mainly axion cold dark matter from natural supersymmetry Bae, Kyu Jung; Baer, Howard; Chun, Eung Jin Physical Review D, Vol. 89, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.89.031701	journal	February 2014
How conventional measures overestimate electroweak fine-tuning in supersymmetric theory Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Mickelson, Dan Physical Review D, Vol. 88, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.88.095013	journal	November 2013
Neutralino dark matter in mSUGRA/CMSSM with a 125 GeV light Higgs scalar Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Mustafayev, Azar Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2012, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2012)091	journal	May 2012
Experimental constraints on the nearly minimal supersymmetric standard model and implications for its phenomenology Cao, Junjie; Logan, Heather E.; Yang, Jin Min Physical Review D, Vol. 79, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.79.091701	journal	May 2009
Neutralino dark matter from heavy axino decay Choi, Ki-Young; Kim, Jihn E.; Lee, Hyun Min Physical Review D, Vol. 77, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.77.123501	journal	June 2008
Gaugino condensation and the cosmological implications of the hidden sector Kim, Jihn E.; Nilles, Hans Peter Physics Letters B, Vol. 263, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(91)91710-D	journal	July 1991
Naturalness and superpartner masses or when to give up on weak scale supersymmetry Anderson, Greg W.; Castaño, Diego J. Physical Review D, Vol. 52, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.52.1693	journal	August 1995
Mixed axion/neutralino cold dark matter in supersymmetric models Baer, Howard; Lessa, Andre; Rajagopalan, Shibi Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2011, Issue 06 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2011/06/031	journal	June 2011
Supersymmetry and the scale of unification Dimopoulos, S.; Raby, S.; Wilczek, Frank Physical Review D, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.24.1681	journal	September 1981
Eternal extended inflation and graceful exit from old inflation without Jordan-Brans-Dicke Linde, Andrei Physics Letters B, Vol. 249, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(90)90521-7	journal	October 1990
Probing the desert using gauge coupling unification Ellis, John; Kelley, S.; Nanopoulos, D. V. Physics Letters B, Vol. 260, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(91)90980-5	journal	May 1991
The locally supersymmetric geometrical hierarchy model Ovrut, Burt A.; Raby, Stuart Physics Letters B, Vol. 130, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(83)91142-5	journal	October 1983
Aspects of Grand Unified Models with Softly Broken Supersymmetry Inoue, K.; Kakuto, A.; Komatsu, H. Progress of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 68, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.68.927	journal	September 1982
LHC phenomenology of the μνSSM Bartl, A.; Hirsch, M.; Liebler, S. Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2009, Issue 05 https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2009/05/120	journal	May 2009
Leptogenesis scenarios for natural SUSY with mixed axion-higgsino dark matter Bae, Kyu Jung; Baer, Howard; Serce, Hasan Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2016, Issue 01 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2016/01/012	journal	January 2016
Natural Higgs-Flavor-Democracy Solution of the $μ$ Problem of Supersymmetry and the QCD Axion Kim, Jihn E. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.031801	journal	July 2013
Precise prediction for M _W in the MSSM Heinemeyer, Sven; Hollik, Wolfgang; Stöckinger, Dominik Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2006, Issue 08 https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2006/08/052	journal	August 2006
Small Yukawa couplings from type-I string theory and the inflationary solution to the strong CP and μ problems Eyton-Williams, Oliver J.; King, Steve F. Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2005, Issue 06 https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2005/06/040	journal	June 2005
Generalized Supersoft Supersymmetry Breaking and a Solution to the $μ$ Problem Nelson, Ann E.; Roy, Tuhin S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.201802	journal	May 2015
A natural solution to the μ-problem in supergravity theories Giudice, G. F.; Masiero, A. Physics Letters B, Vol. 206, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(88)91613-9	journal	May 1988
Stabilized NMSSM without domain walls Panagiotakopoulos, C.; Tamvakis, K. Physics Letters B, Vol. 446, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)01493-2	journal	January 1999
NMHDECAY: A Fortran Code for the Higgs Masses, Couplings and Decay Widths in the NMSSM Ellwanger, Ulrich; Gunion, John F.; Hugonie, Cyril Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2005, Issue 02 https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2005/02/066	journal	February 2005
Gravity safe, electroweak natural axionic solution to strong CP and SUSY μ problems Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Sengupta, Dibyashree Physics Letters B, Vol. 790 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.01.007	journal	March 2019
Search for Invisible Axion Dark Matter with the Axion Dark Matter Experiment Du, N.; Force, N.; Khatiwada, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.151301	journal	April 2018
Upper bounds on sparticle masses from naturalness or how to disprove weak scale supersymmetry Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Savoy, Michael Physical Review D, Vol. 93, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.035016	journal	February 2016
Cosmology of the DFSZ axino Bae, Kyu Jung; Chun, Eung Jin; Im, Sang Hui Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2012, Issue 03 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2012/03/013	journal	March 2012
Natural SUSY endures Papucci, Michele; Ruderman, Joshua T.; Weiler, Andreas Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2012, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2012)035	journal	September 2012
Naturalness constraints in supersymmetric theories with non-universal soft terms Dimopoulos, S.; Giudice, G. F. Physics Letters B, Vol. 357, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(95)00961-J	journal	September 1995
Comparison of grand unified theories with electroweak and strong coupling constants measured at LEP Amaldi, Ugo; de Boer, Wim; Fürstenau, Hermann Physics Letters B, Vol. 260, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(91)91641-8	journal	May 1991
Tension between gauge coupling unification, the Higgs boson mass, and a gauge-breaking origin of the supersymmetric $μ$ -term Morrissey, David E.; Wells, James D. Physical Review D, Vol. 74, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.74.015008	journal	July 2006
LHC luminosity and energy upgrades confront natural supersymmetry models Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Gainer, James S. Physical Review D, Vol. 98, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.98.075010	journal	October 2018
Destabilizing divergences in supergravity theories at two loops Bagger, Jonathan; Poppitz, Erich; Randall, Lisa Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 455, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(95)00463-3	journal	November 1995
Effective lagrangian description on discrete gauge symmetries Banks, Thomas Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 323, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(89)90589-0	journal	August 1989
Axionic dark energy and a composite QCD axion Kim, Jihn E.; Nilles, Hans Peter Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2009, Issue 05 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2009/05/010	journal	May 2009
Electroweak baryogenesis and dark matter in a minimal extension of the MSSM Menon, A.; Morrissey, D. E.; Wagner, C. E. M. Physical Review D, Vol. 70, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.035005	journal	August 2004
Phenomenology of a New Supersymmetric Standard Model: The μνSSM Muñoz, Carlos; Alverson, George; Nath, Pran SUSY09: 7th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3327603	conference	January 2010
SUSY, the Third Generation and the LHC Brust, Christopher; Katz, Andrey; Lawrence, Scott Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2012, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2012)103	journal	March 2012
Erratum: Electroweak breaking and the μ problem in supergravity models with an additional U(1) [Phys. Rev. D 56 , 2861 (1997)] Cvetič, M.; Demir, D. A.; Espinosa, J. R. Physical Review D, Vol. 58, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.58.119905	journal	October 1998
Implications of supersymmetric models with natural $R$ -parity conservation Martin, Stephen P. Physical Review D, Vol. 54, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.54.2340	journal	August 1996
Strong $CP$ problem versus Planck scale physics Dobrescu, Bogdan A. Physical Review D, Vol. 55, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5826	journal	May 1997
Dark energy from approximate <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd" xmlns:sa="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-aff/dtd"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">U</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">de</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> symmetry Kim, Jihn E.; Nilles, Hans Peter Physics Letters B, Vol. 730 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2014.01.031	journal	March 2014
Neutrino masses and mixing, lightest neutralino decays and a solution to the μ problem in supersymmetry Ghosh, Pradipta; Roy, Sourov Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2009, Issue 04 https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2009/04/069	journal	April 2009
Supersymmetric Higgs and radiative electroweak breaking Ibáñez, Luis E.; Ross, Graham G. Comptes Rendus Physique, Vol. 8, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2007.02.004	journal	November 2007
Wormhole-induced proton decay Gilbert, Gerald Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 328, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(89)90097-7	journal	December 1989
Physics at a Higgsino factory Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Mickelson, Dan Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2014, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2014)172	journal	June 2014
Renormalization of Supersymmetry Breaking Parameters Revisited Inoue, K.; Kakuto, A.; Komatsu, H. Progress of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 71, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.71.413	journal	February 1984
Radiative corrections to the masses of supersymmetric Higgs bosons Ellis, John; Ridolfi, Giovanni; Zwirner, Fabio Physics Letters B, Vol. 257, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(91)90863-L	journal	March 1991
Model-independent analysis of soft terms in effective supergravity and in string theory Kaplunovsky, Vadim S.; Louis, Jan Physics Letters B, Vol. 306, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(93)90078-V	journal	June 1993
The μ-problem and the strong CP-problem Kim, Jihn E.; Nilles, H. P. Physics Letters B, Vol. 138, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(84)91890-2	journal	April 1984
Higgs scalars in the minimal nonminimal supersymmetric standard model Panagiotakopoulos, C.; Pilaftsis, A. Physical Review D, Vol. 63, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.63.055003	journal	January 2001
Hidden SUSY at the LHC: the light higgsino-world scenario and the role of a lepton collider Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Huang, Peisi Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2011, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2011)031	journal	November 2011
Perspectives on Higgs Physics II Kane, Gordon L. Advanced Series on Directions in High Energy Physics https://doi.org/10.1142/ASDHEP	book	November 1997
Natural R-parity, μ-term, and fermion mass hierarchy from discrete gauge symmetries Babu, K. S.; Gogoladze, Ilia; Wang, Kai Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 660, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0550-3213(03)00258-X	journal	June 2003
Phenomenology of a new minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model Dedes, A.; Hugonie, C.; Moretti, S. Physical Review D, Vol. 63, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.63.055009	journal	February 2001
Destabilizing divergences in supergravity-coupled supersymmetric theories Bagger, Jonathan; Poppitz, Erich Physical Review Letters, Vol. 71, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.2380	journal	October 1993
Higgs sector in extensions of the minimal supersymmetric standard model Barger, Vernon; Langacker, Paul; Lee, Hye-Sung Physical Review D, Vol. 73, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.73.115010	journal	June 2006
A next-to-minimal supersymmetric model of hybrid inflation Bastero-Gil, M.; King, S. F. Physics Letters B, Vol. 423, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00124-5	journal	March 1998
$SO (10)$ grand unification in five dimensions: Proton decay and the $μ$ problem Dermíšek, Radovan; Mafi, Arash Physical Review D, Vol. 65, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.65.055002	journal	January 2002
Out of this world supersymmetry breaking Randall, Lisa; Sundrum, Raman Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 557, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0550-3213(99)00359-4	journal	September 1999
Supergravity gauge theories strike back: there is no crisis for SUSY but a new collider may be required for discovery Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Savoy, Mike Physica Scripta, Vol. 90, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/90/6/068003	journal	April 2015
Quantum effects and SU(2)×U(1) breaking in supergravity gauge theories Derendinger, J. -P.; Savoy, C. A. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 237, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(84)90162-7	journal	May 1984
Can the mass of the lightest Higgs boson of the minimal supersymmetric model be larger than $m_{Z}$ ? Haber, Howard E.; Hempfling, Ralf Physical Review Letters, Vol. 66, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.1815	journal	April 1991
New minimal extension of MSSM Panagiotakopoulos, C.; Tamvakis, K. Physics Letters B, Vol. 469, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01247-2	journal	December 1999
Cosmological implications of radiatively generated axion scale Choi, Kiwoon; Chun, Eung Jin; Kim, Jihn E. Physics Letters B, Vol. 403, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00465-6	journal	June 1997
Dynamics of the Peccei-Quinn scale Carpenter, Linda M.; Dine, Michael; Festuccia, Guido Physical Review D, Vol. 80, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.80.125017	journal	December 2009
${Z - Z}^{'}$ mass hierarchy in a supersymmetric model with a secluded ${U (1)}^{'}$ -breaking sector Erler, Jens; Langacker, Paul; Li, Tianjun Physical Review D, Vol. 66, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.66.015002	journal	July 2002
Phenomenology of the nMSSM from colliders to cosmology Balázs, Csaba; Carena, Marcela; Freitas, Ayres Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2007, Issue 06 https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2007/06/066	journal	June 2007
On the cosmological domain wall problem for the minimally extended supersymmetric standard model Abel, S. A.; Sarkar, S.; White, P. L. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 454, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(95)00483-9	journal	November 1995
Discrete gauge symmetries in axionic extensions of the supersymmetric standard model Chun, E. J.; Lukas, A. Physics Letters B, Vol. 297, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(92)91266-C	journal	December 1992
Evading the cosmological domain wall problem Larsson, Sebastian E.; Sarkar, Subir; White, Peter L. Physical Review D, Vol. 55, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5129	journal	April 1997
Neutrino physics and spontaneous CP violation in the μνSSM Fidalgo, Javier; López-Fogliani, Daniel E.; Muñoz, Carlos Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2009, Issue 08 https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2009/08/105	journal	August 2009
Possible resolution of the domain wall problem in the NMSSM Mazumdar, Anupam; Saikawa, Ken’ichi; Yamaguchi, Masahide Physical Review D, Vol. 93, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.025002	journal	January 2016
A natural SUSY Higgs near 125 GeV Hall, Lawrence J.; Pinner, David; Ruderman, Joshua T. Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2012, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2012)131	journal	April 2012
An M theory solution to the strong CP-problem, and constraints on the axiverse Samir Acharya, Bobby; Bobkov, Konstantin; Kumar, Piyush Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2010, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2010)105	journal	November 2010
Axions, Domain Walls, and the Early Universe Sikivie, P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 48, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.48.1156	journal	April 1982
Dynamical breaking of supersymmetry Witten, Edward Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 188, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(81)90006-7	journal	October 1981
Higgs sector in a $U (1)^{'}$ extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model Han, Tao; Langacker, Paul; McElrath, Bob Physical Review D, Vol. 70, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.115006	journal	December 2004
Discrete R symmetries for the MSSM and its singlet extensions Lee, Hyun Min; Raby, Stuart; Ratz, Michael Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 850, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2011.04.009	journal	September 2011
Destabilising divergences in the NMSSM Abel, S. A. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 480, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0550-3213(96)00470-1	journal	November 1996
Testing a $U (1)$ solution to the $μ$ problem Cohen, Timothy; Pierce, Aaron Physical Review D, Vol. 78, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.78.055012	journal	September 2008
Inflationary solution to the strong CP and μ problems Eyton-Williams, O. J.; King, S. F. Physics Letters B, Vol. 610, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.01.075	journal	March 2005
Analysis of the supersymmetry breaking induced by N = 1 supergravity theories Soni, Sanjeev K.; Weldon, H. Arthur Physics Letters B, Vol. 126, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(83)90593-2	journal	June 1983
Planck-scale physics and the Peccei-Quinn mechanism Kamionkowski, Marc; March-Russell, John Physics Letters B, Vol. 282, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(92)90492-M	journal	May 1992
Collider signals from slow decays in supersymmetric models with an intermediate-scale solution to the μ problem Martin, Stephen P. Physical Review D, Vol. 62, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.62.095008	journal	October 2000
Gamma-ray detection from gravitino dark matter decay in the μνSSM Choi, Ki-Young; López-Fogliani, Daniel E.; Muñoz, Carlos Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2010, Issue 03 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2010/03/028	journal	March 2010
Implications of precision electroweak experiments for $m_{t}$ , $ρ_{0}$ , ${{sin}^{2} θ}_{W}$ , and grand unification Langacker, Paul; Luo, Mingxing Physical Review D, Vol. 44, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.44.817	journal	August 1991
Implications of a 125 GeV Higgs for supersymmetric models Arbey, A.; Battaglia, M.; Djouadi, A. Physics Letters B, Vol. 708, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.01.053	journal	February 2012
Minimal low-energy supergravity Alvarez-Gaumé, Luis; Polchinski, J.; Wise, Mark B. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 221, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(83)90591-6	journal	July 1983
Symmetry Principles Toward Solutions of the μ Problem Kim, Jihn E.; Nilles, Hans Peter Modern Physics Letters A, Vol. 09, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732394003415	journal	December 1994
Neutralino signatures of the singlet extended MSSM Barger, Vernon; Langacker, Paul; Shaughnessy, Gabe Physics Letters B, Vol. 644, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2006.11.043	journal	January 2007
Problems for (2, 0) compactifications Ellis, John; Enqvist, K.; Nanopoulos, D. V. Physics Letters B, Vol. 176, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(86)90185-1	journal	August 1986
Fermion masses and induction of the weak scale by supergravity Frère, J. -M.; Jones, D. R. T.; Raby, S. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 222, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(83)90606-5	journal	July 1983
Anthropic Considerations in Multiple-Domain Theories and the Scale of Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Agrawal, V.; Barr, S. M.; Donoghue, John F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 80, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1822	journal	March 1998
Higgs and superparticle mass predictions from the landscape Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Serce, Hasan Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2018, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2018)002	journal	March 2018
Compactified String Theories — Generic Predictions for Particle Physics Acharya, Bobby Samir; Kane, Gordon; Kumar, Piyush International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 27, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X12300128	journal	May 2012
Mixed axion/neutralino dark matter in the SUSY DFSZ axion model Bae, Kyu Jung; Baer, Howard; Chun, Eung Jin Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2013/12/028	journal	December 2013
Radiative Natural Supersymmetry with a 125 GeV Higgs Boson Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Huang, Peisi Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.161802	journal	October 2012
SUSY models under siege: LHC constraints and electroweak fine-tuning Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Mickelson, Dan Physical Review D, Vol. 89, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.89.115019	journal	June 2014
Planck-scale corrections to axion models Barr, S. M.; Seckel, D. Physical Review D, Vol. 46, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.46.539	journal	July 1992
A quintessential axion Kim, Jihn E.; Nilles, Hans-Peter Physics Letters B, Vol. 553, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(02)03148-9	journal	January 2003
Implications of a 125 GeV Higgs scalar for the LHC supersymmetry and neutralino dark matter searches Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Mustafayev, Azar Physical Review D, Vol. 85, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.85.075010	journal	April 2012
A natural solution to the μ problem Casas, J. A.; Muñoz, C. Physics Letters B, Vol. 306, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(93)90081-R	journal	June 1993
Anomaly mediation in supergravity theories Bagger, Jonathan A.; Moroi, Takeo; Poppitz, Erich Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2000, Issue 04 https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2000/04/009	journal	March 2000
Theories with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking Giudice, G. F.; Rattazzi, R. Physics Reports, Vol. 322, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-1573(99)00042-3	journal	December 1999
Approximate R-symmetries and the μ term Brümmer, Felix; Kappl, Rolf; Ratz, Michael Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2010, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2010)006	journal	April 2010
The $μ$ problem and $B$ and $L$ conservation with a discrete gauged $R$ symmetry Choi, Kiwoon; Chun, Eung Jin; Kim, Hyungdo Physical Review D, Vol. 55, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.7010	journal	June 1997
Dimensionless supersymmetry breaking couplings, flat directions, and the origin of intermediate mass scales Martin, Stephen P. Physical Review D, Vol. 61, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.61.035004	journal	January 2000
New origin for approximate symmetries from distant breaking in extra dimensions Arkani-Hamed, Nima; Dimopoulos, Savas Physical Review D, Vol. 65, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.65.052003	journal	January 2002
Exponentially small supersymmetry breaking from extra dimensions Arkani-Hamed, Nima; Hall, Lawrence; Smith, David Physical Review D, Vol. 63, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.63.056003	journal	February 2001
Discrete gauge symmetry in continuum theories Krauss, Lawrence M.; Wilczek, Frank Physical Review Letters, Vol. 62, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.1221	journal	March 1989
Gaugino mass without singlets Giudice, Gian F.; Rattazzi, Riccardo; Luty, Markus A. Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 1998, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/1998/12/027	journal	December 1998
String theory and the strong CP problem Dine, Michael; Seiberg, Nathan Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 273, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(86)90043-X	journal	August 1986
Dark matter production in the early Universe: Beyond the thermal WIMP paradigm Baer, Howard; Choi, Ki-Young; Kim, Jihn E. Physics Reports, Vol. 555 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2014.10.002	journal	February 2015
The μ-problem, the NMSSM and string theory Ramos-Sánchez, S. Fortschritte der Physik, Vol. 58, Issue 7-9 https://doi.org/10.1002/prop.201000058	journal	May 2010

Similar Records

Distribution of supersymmetry

μ

parameter and Peccei-Quinn scale

f_{a}

from the landscape

Journal Article · Fri Jul 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Physical Review D · OSTI ID:1528667

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Sengupta, Dibyashree; +1 more

Gravity safe, electroweak natural axionic solution to strong CP and SUSY μ problems

Journal Article · Fri Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Physics Letters. B · OSTI ID:1528667

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Sengupta, Dibyashree

Status of weak scale supersymmetry after LHC Run 2 and ton-scale noble liquid WIMP searches

Journal Article · Mon Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2020 · European Physical Journal. Special Topics · OSTI ID:1528667

Baer, Howard; Barger, Vernon; Sengupta, Dibyashree; +2 more

Related Subjects

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
supersymmetry
LHC
dark matter

Title: Revisiting the SUSY μ problem and its solutions in the LHC era

Citation Formats

References (169)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Title: Revisiting the SUSY $μ$ problem and its solutions in the LHC era