One-pot transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into crude bio-oil with metal chlorides via hydrothermal and supercritical ethanol processing
Grape seeds were deconstructed in both hydrothermal and supercritical ethanol media with a combination of two metal chlorides (TiCl4:MgCl2) to produce bio-oils. The use of metal chloride additives in supercritical ethanol achieved the highest bio-oil yield of 49.2 wt% (300 °C, 30 min). Both the hydrothermal and supercritical ethanol deconstruction with the additives (TiCl4:MgCl2 = 4 mmol:4mmol) produced the bio-oils with a higher heating value (HHV) of 35 MJ/Kg. Here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the bio-oils showed that the major products in bio-oils from the hydrothermal deconstruction were acids while the majority products in bio-oils form the supercritical ethanol deconstruction were esters. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data of the bio-oils suggested that both hydrothermal and supercritical ethanol deconstruction with metal chlorides significantly reduced the non-condensed OH and oxygenated lignin sub-units in bio-oils; while only supercritical ethanol deconstruction with metal chlorides reduced the aliphatic OH and O-alkylated structures in bio-oils.
- Research Organization:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- OSTI ID:
- 1526375
- Journal Information:
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 288, Issue n/a; ISSN 0960-8524
- Publisher:
- ElsevierCopyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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