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Shapes and vorticities of superfluid helium nanodroplets

Journal Article · · Science
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  1. Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
  2. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
  3. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  4. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  5. Max Planck Inst. fur Kernphysik, Heidelberg (Germany); Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL). Max Planck Advanced Study Group
  6. Max Planck Inst. fur Kernphysik, Heidelberg (Germany); Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL). Max Planck Advanced Study Group; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
  7. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
  8. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Center for Free-Electron Laser Science
  9. Max Planck Inst. fur Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching (Germany)
  10. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL). Max Planck Advanced Study Group; Max-Planck-Inst. für Medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg (Germany)
  11. PNSensor GmbH, München (Germany)
  12. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Chinese Univ., of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (China)
  13. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
  14. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS); Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
  15. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  16. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Photon Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering Inst. (PULSE)
+ Show Author Affiliations
Helium nanodroplets are considered ideal model systems to explore quantum hydrodynamics in self-contained, isolated superfluids. However, exploring the dynamic properties of individual droplets is experimentally challenging. In this work, we used single-shot femtosecond x-ray coherent diffractive imaging to investigate the rotation of single, isolated superfluid helium-4 droplets containing ∼108 to 1011 atoms. The formation of quantum vortex lattices inside the droplets is confirmed by observing characteristic Bragg patterns from xenon clusters trapped in the vortex cores. The vortex densities are up to five orders of magnitude larger than those observed in bulk liquid helium. The droplets exhibit large centrifugal deformations but retain axially symmetric shapes at angular velocities well beyond the stability range of viscous classical droplets.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1523940
Journal Information:
Science, Journal Name: Science Journal Issue: 6199 Vol. 345; ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher:
AAASCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (18)

Correlated electronic decay in expanding clusters triggered by intense XUV pulses from a Free-Electron-Laser journal January 2017
The linac coherent light source single particle imaging road map journal July 2015
Simple convergent-nozzle aerosol injector for single-particle diffractive imaging with X-ray free-electron lasers journal June 2015
Communication: X-ray coherent diffractive imaging by immersion in nanodroplets journal September 2015
Imaging plasma formation in isolated nanoparticles with ultrafast resonant scattering journal May 2020
Liquid quantum droplets of ultracold magnetic atoms journal October 2016
Self-bound ultradilute Bose mixtures within local density approximation journal November 2018
Vorticity and quantum turbulence in the merging of superfluid helium nanodroplets text January 2019
Deep neural networks for classifying complex features in diffraction images text January 2019
Vortex arrays in a rotating superfluid He-4 nanocylinder text January 2014
Vortices and antivortices in two-dimensional ultracold Fermi gases text January 2017
Strongly aligned molecules inside helium droplets in the near-adiabatic regime text January 2017
Fingerprints of angulon instabilities in the spectra of matrix-isolated molecules text January 2017
Spinning superfluid helium-4 nanodroplets text January 2017
Microsolvation of phthalocyanine molecules in superfluid helium nanodroplets as revealed by the optical line shape at the electronic origin text January 2018
Observation of photon droplets and their dynamics text January 2018
Rotating He-3 droplets text January 2019
Highly charged droplets of superfluid helium text January 2019

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Related Subjects

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY