Non-thermal particle acceleration in collisionless relativistic electron–proton reconnection

Werner, G. R.; Uzdensky, D. A.; Begelman, M. C.; Cerutti, B.; Nalewajko, K.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2530

Title: Non-thermal particle acceleration in collisionless relativistic electron–proton reconnection

Journal Article · Thu Sep 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2530· OSTI ID:1512962

Werner, G. R. ^[1]; Uzdensky, D. A. ^[2]; Begelman, M. C. ^[3]; Cerutti, B. ^[4]; Nalewajko, K. ^[5]

Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (United States)
University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO (United States)
Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS (France)
Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (Poland)

Magnetic reconnection in relativistic collisionless plasmas can accelerate particles and power high-energy emission in various astrophysical systems. Whereas most previous studies focused on relativistic reconnection in pair plasmas, less attention has been paid to electron–ion plasma reconnection, expected in black hole accretion flows and relativistic jets. In this paper, we report a comprehensive particle-in-cell numerical investigation of reconnection in an electron–ion plasma, spanning a wide range of ambient ion magnetizations σi, from the semirelativistic regime (ultrarelativistic electrons but non-relativistic ions, 10^-3 ≪ σ_i ≪ 1) to the fully relativistic regime (both species are ultrarelativistic, σi ≫ 1). We investigate how the reconnection rate, electron and ion plasma flows, electric and magnetic field structures, electron/ion energy partitioning, and non-thermal particle acceleration depend on σi. Our key findings are: (1) the reconnection rate is about 0.1 of the Alfvénic rate across all regimes; (2) electrons can form concentrated moderately relativistic outflows even in the semirelativistic, small-σi regime; (3) while the released magnetic energy is partitioned equally between electrons and ions in the ultrarelativistic limit, the electron energy fraction declines gradually with decreased σi and asymptotes to about 0.25 in the semirelativistic regime; and (4) reconnection leads to efficient non-thermal electron acceleration with a σi-dependent power-law index, p(σ_i)≃const + 0.7σ_i^-1/2. Finally, these findings are important for understanding black hole systems and lend support to semirelativistic reconnection models for powering non-thermal emission in blazar jets, offering a natural explanation for the spectral indices observed in these systems.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0008409; SC0008655; AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1512962

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 473, Issue 4; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Royal Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 100 works

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Relativistic Particle Acceleration in a Folded Current Sheet Zenitani, S.; Hoshino, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 618, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/427873	journal	December 2004
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A hadronic origin for ultra-high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects Cerruti, M.; Zech, A.; Boisson, C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 448, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2691	journal	February 2015
Structure of the dissipation region during collisionless magnetic reconnection Shay, M. A.; Drake, J. F.; Denton, R. E. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 103, Issue A5 https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA03528	journal	May 1998
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The competition of electron and ion heating during magnetic reconnection: PARTITION OF HEATING IN RECONNECTION Haggerty, C. C.; Shay, M. A.; Drake, J. F. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065961	journal	November 2015
Particle Acceleration in Fragmenting Periodic Reconnecting Current Sheets in Solar Flares Gordovskyy, M.; Browning, P. K.; Vekstein, G. E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 720, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/720/2/1603	journal	August 2010
Physical origin of the quadrupole out-of-plane magnetic field in Hall-magnetohydrodynamic reconnection Uzdensky, Dmitri A.; Kulsrud, Russell M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2209627	journal	June 2006
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Gamma-ray flares in the Crab Nebula: A case of relativistic reconnection? Cerutti, B.; Werner, G. R.; Uzdensky, D. A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4872024	journal	May 2014
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Particle energization in 3D magnetic reconnection of relativistic pair plasmas Liu, Wei; Li, Hui; Yin, Lin Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3589304	journal	May 2011
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Relativistic Nonthermal Particle Acceleration in Two-Dimensional Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection Uzdensky, Dmitri A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.09533	text	January 2020
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