Skip to main content
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Plasmoid Instability in Evolving Current Sheets and Onset of Fast Reconnection

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
The scaling of the plasmoid instability maximum linear growth rate with respect to the Lundquist number S in a Sweet–Parker current sheet, $${\gamma }_{\max }\sim {S}^{1/4}$$, indicates that at high S, the current sheet will break apart before it approaches the Sweet–Parker width. Therefore, a proper description for the onset of the plasmoid instability must incorporate the evolving process of the current sheet. We carry out a series of two-dimensional simulations and develop diagnostics to separate fluctuations from an evolving background. It is found that the fluctuation amplitude starts to grow only when the linear growth rate is sufficiently high $$({\gamma }_{\max }{\tau }_{A}\gt O(1))$$ to overcome advection loss and the stretching effect due to the outflow. The linear growth rate continues to rise until the sizes of plasmoids become comparable to the inner layer width of the tearing mode. At this point, the current sheet is disrupted and the instability enters the early nonlinear regime. The growth rate suddenly decreases, but the reconnection rate starts to rise rapidly, indicating that current sheet disruption triggers the onset of fast reconnection. We identify important timescales of the instability development, as well as scalings for the linear growth rate, current sheet width, and dominant wavenumber at disruption. These scalings depend not only on the Lundquist number, but also on the noise amplitude. A phenomenological model that reproduces scalings from simulation results is proposed. The model incorporates the effect of reconnection outflow, which is crucial for yielding a critical Lundquist number S c below which disruption does not occur. As a result, the critical Lundquist number S c is not a constant value, but has a weak dependence on the noise amplitude.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory-National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF); Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0016470
OSTI ID:
1511010
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 849; ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (54)

The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) journal February 2014
Magnetic Reconnection book October 2009
Magnetic Reconnection in Plasmas book January 2009
Nonlinear Magnetohydrodynamics book January 2009
Sweet's mechanism for merging magnetic fields in conducting fluids journal December 1957
Role of electron physics in the development of turbulent magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas journal April 2011
Nonlinear growth of the tearing mode journal January 1973
Finite-Resistivity Instabilities of a Sheet Pinch journal January 1963
Coalescence of magnetic islands, sloshing, and the pressure problem journal March 2006
Instability of current sheets and formation of plasmoid chains journal October 2007
Fast reconnection in high-Lundquist-number plasmas due to the plasmoid Instability journal November 2009
Scaling of Sweet–Parker reconnection with secondary islands journal December 2009
A statistical model of magnetic islands in a current layer journal January 2010
Scaling laws of resistive magnetohydrodynamic reconnection in the high-Lundquist-number, plasmoid-unstable regime journal June 2010
Onset of fast reconnection in Hall magnetohydrodynamics mediated by the plasmoid instability journal July 2011
Hall magnetohydrodynamic reconnection in the plasmoid unstable regime journal September 2011
Phase diagram for magnetic reconnection in heliophysical, astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas journal November 2011
Magnetic reconnection and stochastic plasmoid chains in high-Lundquist-number plasmas journal April 2012
Effects of plasma β on the plasmoid instability journal July 2012
Plasmoid instability in high-Lundquist-number magnetic reconnection journal May 2013
Magnetic reconnection in a weakly ionized plasma journal June 2013
The plasmoid instability during asymmetric inflow magnetic reconnection journal June 2013
Statistical and spectral properties of magnetic islands in reconnecting current sheets during two-ribbon flares journal July 2013
Extended theory of the Taylor problem in the plasmoid-unstable regime journal April 2015
Visco-resistive plasmoid instability journal March 2016
General theory of the plasmoid instability journal October 2016
Three‐dimensional fluid simulations of the nonlinear drift‐resistive ballooning modes in tokamak edge plasmas journal October 1993
The Impact of Microscopic Magnetic Reconnection on Pre-Flare Energy Storage journal December 2009
The Mechanisms for the Onset and Explosive Eruption of Coronal mass Ejections and Eruptive Flares journal November 2012
Multi-Fluid Simulations of Chromospheric Magnetic Reconnection in a Weakly Ionized Reacting Plasma journal November 2012
Evolution of Relativistic Plasmoid Chains in a Poynting-Dominated Plasma journal September 2013
IRIS Si iv LINE PROFILES: AN INDICATION FOR THE PLASMOID INSTABILITY DURING SMALL-SCALE MAGNETIC RECONNECTION ON THE SUN journal October 2015
A tapering window for time-domain templates and simulated signals in the detection of gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries journal April 2010
Magnetic reconnection: from the Sweet–Parker model to stochastic plasmoid chains journal November 2015
Distribution of Plasmoids in Post-Coronal mass Ejection Current Sheets journal June 2013
Reconnection of Quasi-Singular Current Sheets: the “Ideal” Tearing mode journal December 2013
Self-Generated Turbulence in Magnetic Reconnection journal June 2015
Magnetic Reconnection: Recursive Current Sheet Collapse Triggered by “Ideal” Tearing journal November 2015
Plasmoids in relativistic reconnection, from birth to adulthood: first they grow, then they go journal July 2016
Perspectives on magnetic reconnection journal December 2016
Self-Feeding Turbulent Magnetic Reconnection on Macroscopic Scales journal June 2008
Transition from collisional to kinetic regimes in large-scale reconnection layers journal August 2009
Comparison of Secondary Islands in Collisional Reconnection to Hall Reconnection journal July 2010
Fast Magnetic Reconnection in the Plasmoid-Dominated Regime journal December 2010
Distribution of Plasmoids in High-Lundquist-Number Magnetic Reconnection journal December 2012
Magnetic Reconnection Onset via Disruption of a Forming Current Sheet by the Tearing Instability journal March 2016
Catastrophe Model for Fast Magnetic Reconnection Onset journal November 2005
Magnetic reconnection journal March 2010
Magnetic Reconnection in Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas journal September 2009
Impulsive Magnetic Reconnection in the Earth's Magnetotail and the Solar Corona journal September 2004
Plasmoid-induced-reconnection and fractal reconnection journal June 2001
Plasma Physics for Astrophysics journal January 2005
Turbulent Magnetohydrodynamic Reconnection Mediated by the Plasmoid Instability journal February 2016
Reconnection Properties of Large-Scale Current Sheets During Coronal mass Ejection Eruptions journal July 2016

Cited By (43)

Onset of magnetic reconnection in a collisionless, high- plasma journal February 2019
MHD turbulence: a biased review journal October 2022
Three‐Dimensional X‐line Spreading in Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection journal February 2020
Influence of 3D plasmoid dynamics on the transition from collisional to kinetic reconnection journal July 2019
Gravitational electromotive force in magnetic reconnection around Schwarzschild black holes journal March 2019
Risks for Life on Habitable Planets from Superflares of Their Host Stars journal October 2017
Regimes of magnetic reconnection in colliding laser-produced magnetized plasma bubbles preprint January 2018
Physical constraints for the evolution of life on exoplanets text January 2018
Problematic nature of plasmoid theory of magnetic reconnection preprint January 2019
Formation of plasmoid chains and fast magnetic reconnection during nonlinear evolution of the tilt instability preprint January 2020
Tearing modes in partially ionized plasmas text January 2020
Turbulence, Transport and Reconnection book July 2019
The non-modal onset of the tearing instability journal September 2018
A maximum entropy principle for inferring the distribution of 3D plasmoids journal January 2018
Onset of fast “ideal” tearing in thin current sheets: Dependence on the equilibrium current profile journal March 2018
Regimes of magnetic reconnection in colliding laser-produced magnetized plasma bubbles journal September 2018
On the effect of parallel shear flow on the plasmoid instability journal October 2018
Mechanism of non-steady Petschek-type reconnection with uniform resistivity journal March 2019
Scalings pertaining to current sheet disruption mediated by the plasmoid instability journal September 2019
Spectral signatures of recursive magnetic field reconnection journal November 2019
The plasmoid instability in a confined solar flare journal May 2019
Role of the Plasmoid Instability in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence journal October 2018
Magnetic Reconnection in Strongly Magnetized Regions of the Low Solar Chromosphere journal January 2018
Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in the Plasmoid-mediated Regime journal February 2018
Implosive Collapse about Magnetic Null Points: A Quantitative Comparison between 2D and 3D Nulls journal March 2018
Reconnection Mediated by Magnetic Fractures and the Solar Flare journal March 2018
Subarcsecond Blobs in Flare-related Coronal Jets journal January 2019
Relativistic Tearing Mode in Pair Plasmas and Application to Magnetic Giant Flares journal July 2019
Dynamic Evolution of Current Sheets, Ideal Tearing, Plasmoid Formation and Generalized Fractal Reconnection Scaling Relations journal August 2019
Relativistic Sweet–Parker Current Sheet and Its Macroscopic Evolution journal September 2019
Relativistic Plasmoid Instability in Pair Plasmas journal September 2019
Fast Magnetic Reconnection: Secondary Tearing Instability and Role of the Hall Term journal October 2019
The Interplay of Magnetically Dominated Turbulence and Magnetic Reconnection in Producing Nonthermal Particles journal November 2019
FINMHD: An Adaptive Finite-element Code for Magnetic Reconnection and Formation of Plasmoid Chains in Magnetohydrodynamics journal July 2019
Onset of Turbulent Fast Magnetic Reconnection Observed in the Solar Atmosphere journal February 2020
A Maximum Entropy Principle for inferring the Distribution of 3D Plasmoids text January 2017
Magnetic reconnection in strongly magnetized regions of the low solar chromosphere text January 2017
Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in the Plasmoid-Mediated Regime text January 2018
Role of the Plasmoid Instability in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence text January 2018
Dynamic evolution of current sheets, ideal tearing, plasmoid formation and generalized fractal reconnection scaling relations text January 2019
Fast Magnetic Reconnection: Secondary Tearing Instability and Role of the Hall Term text January 2019
Spectral signatures of recursive magnetic field reconnection text January 2019
Scalings Pertaining to Current Sheet Disruption Mediated by the Plasmoid Instability text January 2019

Figures / Tables (14)


Similar Records

Plasmoid Instability in Forming Current Sheets
Journal Article · Mon Nov 27 19:00:00 EST 2017 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online) · OSTI ID:1414921

Scalings pertaining to current sheet disruption mediated by the plasmoid instability
Journal Article · Sun Sep 22 20:00:00 EDT 2019 · Physics of Plasmas · OSTI ID:1572706