Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends
Abstract
An experimental investigation was conducted on the effect of equivalence ratios and engine loads on performance and emission characteristics using acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and gasoline blends. Gasoline blends with various ABE content (0 vol % to 80 vol % ABE, referred to as G100, ABE10, ABE20, ABE30, ABE60, and ABE80, respectively) were used as test fuels, where the volumetric concentration of A/B/E was 3:6:1. The experiments were conducted at engine loads of 3, 4, 5, and 6 bar brake mean effective pressure at an engine speed of 1200 rpm and under various equivalence ratios (Φ = 0.83–1.25). The results showed that ABE addition in the fuel blends could increase brake thermal efficiency and decrease unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), carbon dioxide (CO), and oxynitride (NO x). As for unregulated emissions, acetaldehyde and 1,3-budatiene emissions increased with the increased ABE content in blend fuels. Regarding the aromatic emissions, ABE addition led to a decrease in benzene, toluene, and xylene emissions. The study indicated that ABE could be used as a promising alternative fuel in spark ignition (SI) engines for enhancing the brake thermal efficiency and reducing regulated emissions and aromatic air toxics.
- Authors:
-
- Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing (China); Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
- Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing (China)
- Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC); National Key Research and Development Program; National Engineering Lab. for Mobile Source Emission Control Tech.
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1509870
- Grant/Contract Number:
- EE0006864
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Energies (Basel)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1996-1073
- Publisher:
- MDPI AG
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS; acetone; butanol; ethanol; unregulated emissions; gas chromatography; aromatic air toxics
Citation Formats
Li, Yuanxu, Ning, Zhi, Lee, Chia-fon, Lee, Timothy, and Yan, Junhao. Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.3390/en11051121.
Li, Yuanxu, Ning, Zhi, Lee, Chia-fon, Lee, Timothy, & Yan, Junhao. Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends. United States. doi:10.3390/en11051121.
Li, Yuanxu, Ning, Zhi, Lee, Chia-fon, Lee, Timothy, and Yan, Junhao. Wed .
"Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends". United States. doi:10.3390/en11051121. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1509870.
@article{osti_1509870,
title = {Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends},
author = {Li, Yuanxu and Ning, Zhi and Lee, Chia-fon and Lee, Timothy and Yan, Junhao},
abstractNote = {An experimental investigation was conducted on the effect of equivalence ratios and engine loads on performance and emission characteristics using acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and gasoline blends. Gasoline blends with various ABE content (0 vol % to 80 vol % ABE, referred to as G100, ABE10, ABE20, ABE30, ABE60, and ABE80, respectively) were used as test fuels, where the volumetric concentration of A/B/E was 3:6:1. The experiments were conducted at engine loads of 3, 4, 5, and 6 bar brake mean effective pressure at an engine speed of 1200 rpm and under various equivalence ratios (Φ = 0.83–1.25). The results showed that ABE addition in the fuel blends could increase brake thermal efficiency and decrease unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), carbon dioxide (CO), and oxynitride (NOx). As for unregulated emissions, acetaldehyde and 1,3-budatiene emissions increased with the increased ABE content in blend fuels. Regarding the aromatic emissions, ABE addition led to a decrease in benzene, toluene, and xylene emissions. The study indicated that ABE could be used as a promising alternative fuel in spark ignition (SI) engines for enhancing the brake thermal efficiency and reducing regulated emissions and aromatic air toxics.},
doi = {10.3390/en11051121},
journal = {Energies (Basel)},
issn = {1996-1073},
number = 5,
volume = 11,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {5}
}
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Challenges in biobutanol production: How to improve the efficiency?
journal, February 2011
- García, Verónica; Päkkilä, Johanna; Ojamo, Heikki
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15, Issue 2
Comparison of regulated and non-regulated pollutants with iso-octane/butanol and iso-octane/ethanol blends in a port-fuel injection Spark-Ignition engine
journal, April 2012
- Broustail, G.; Halter, F.; Seers, P.
- Fuel, Vol. 94
Combustion and emission characteristics of a HCCI engine fuelled with n-butanol–gasoline blends
journal, June 2013
- He, Bang-Quan; Liu, Mao-Bin; Yuan, Jie
- Fuel, Vol. 108
Ethanol in gasoline: environmental impacts and sustainability review article
journal, December 2005
- Niven, Robert K.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 9, Issue 6
Effect of ethanol–unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission
journal, June 2003
- Al-Hasan, M.
- Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 44, Issue 9
Use of water containing acetone–butanol–ethanol for NO x -PM (nitrogen oxide-particulate matter) trade-off in the diesel engine fueled with biodiesel
journal, January 2014
- Chang, Yu-Cheng; Lee, Wen-Jhy; Wu, Tser Son
- Energy, Vol. 64
Primary investigation to leveraging effect of using ethanol fuel on reducing gasoline fuel consumption
journal, March 2013
- Zhuang, Yuan; Hong, Guang
- Fuel, Vol. 105
The speciation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from motorcycle engine exhaust at different driving modes
journal, June 2003
- Tsai, Jiun-Horng; Chiang, Hung-Lung; Hsu, Yi-Chun
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 37, Issue 18
Experimental investigation on SI engine using gasoline and a hybrid iso-butanol/gasoline fuel
journal, May 2015
- Elfasakhany, Ashraf
- Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 95
Influence of fuel and air/fuel equivalence ratio on the emission of hydrocarbons from a SI engine. 1. Experimental findings
journal, December 2004
- Zervas, E.; Montagne, X.; Lahaye, J.
- Fuel, Vol. 83, Issue 17-18
Techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment of cellulosic isobutanol and comparison with cellulosic ethanol and n-butanol
journal, October 2013
- Tao, Ling; Tan, Eric C. D.; McCormick, Robert
- Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Performance and exhaust emissions of a gasoline engine with ethanol blended gasoline fuels using artificial neural network
journal, May 2009
- Najafi, G.; Ghobadian, B.; Tavakoli, T.
- Applied Energy, Vol. 86, Issue 5
Green energy: Water-containing acetone–butanol–ethanol diesel blends fueled in diesel engines
journal, September 2013
- Chang, Yu-Cheng; Lee, Wen-Jhy; Lin, Sheng-Lun
- Applied Energy, Vol. 109
A Preliminary Investigation of the Performance and Emissions of a Port-Fuel Injected SI Engine Fueled with Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) and Gasoline
conference, April 2014
- Nithyanandan, Karthik; Wu, Han; Huo, Ming
- SAE 2014 World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series
Regulated and unregulated emissions from a spark-ignition engine fuelled with low-blend ethanol–gasoline mixtures
journal, October 2011
- Liu, F-J; Liu, P.; Zhu, Z.
- Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, Vol. 226, Issue 4
Particulate emission characterization of a biodiesel vs diesel-fuelled compression ignition transport engine: A comparative study
journal, September 2006
- Dwivedi, D.; Agarwal, A.; Sharma, M.
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 40, Issue 29
Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions
journal, February 2011
- Xue, Jinlin; Grift, Tony E.; Hansen, Alan C.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15, Issue 2
Low temperature spray combustion of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and diesel blends
journal, March 2014
- Zhou, Nan; Huo, Ming; Wu, Han
- Applied Energy, Vol. 117
A review of emission products from bioethanol and its blends with gasoline. Background for new guidelines for emission control
journal, January 2015
- Manzetti, Sergio; Andersen, Otto
- Fuel, Vol. 140
Speciated Engine-Out Organic Gas Emissions from a PFI-SI Engine Operating on Ethanol/Gasoline Mixtures
journal, October 2009
- Kar, Kenneth; Cheng, Wai K.
- SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 2, Issue 2
Influence of engine load and speed on regulated and unregulated emissions of a diesel engine fueled with diesel fuel blended with waste cooking oil biodiesel
journal, September 2016
- Man, X. J.; Cheung, C. S.; Ning, Z.
- Fuel, Vol. 180
Experimental study on emissions and performance of an internal combustion engine fueled with gasoline and gasoline/n-butanol blends
journal, December 2014
- Elfasakhany, Ashraf
- Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 88
Investigating the Impact of Acetone on the Performance and Emissions of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) and Gasoline Blends in an SI Engine
conference, April 2015
- Nithyanandan, Karthik; Zhang, Jiaxiang; Yuqiang, Li
- SAE 2015 World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series
Separate and Unequal: Residential Segregation and Estimated Cancer Risks Associated with Ambient Air Toxics in U.S. Metropolitan Areas
journal, March 2006
- Morello-Frosch, Rachel; Jesdale, Bill M.
- Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 114, Issue 3
Carbonyl Compounds and Toxicity Assessments of Emissions from a Diesel Engine Running on Biodiesels
journal, February 2009
- Liu, Yu-Yin; Lin, Ta-Chang; Wang, Ying-Jan
- Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, Vol. 59, Issue 2
Production of acetone and butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum in continuous culture with cell recycle
journal, October 1985
- Afschar, A. S.; Biebl, H.; Schaller, K.
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 22, Issue 6
Oxygenated transportation fuels. Evaluation of properties and emission performance in light-duty vehicles in Mexico
journal, February 2011
- Schifter, I.; Díaz, L.; Rodríguez, R.
- Fuel, Vol. 90, Issue 2
Impacts of acetone on the spray combustion of Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE)-Diesel blends under low ambient temperature
journal, February 2015
- Wu, Han; Nithyanandan, Karthik; Zhou, Nan
- Fuel, Vol. 142
Improved SI engine efficiency using Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE)
journal, June 2016
- Nithyanandan, Karthik; Zhang, Jiaxiang; Li, Yuqiang
- Fuel, Vol. 174
Study of experimental and theoretical procedures when using thermogravimetric analysis to determine kinetic parameters of carbon black oxidation
journal, May 2010
- Zouaoui, N.; Brilhac, J. F.; Mechati, F.
- Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 102, Issue 3
Progress in the production and application of n-butanol as a biofuel
journal, October 2011
- Jin, Chao; Yao, Mingfa; Liu, Haifeng
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15, Issue 8
Emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine fuelled with gasoline-n-butanol blends in combination with EGR
journal, March 2012
- Gu, Xiaolei; Huang, Zuohua; Cai, Jian
- Fuel, Vol. 93
Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of a turbocharged indirect injection Diesel engine running at different injection pressures
journal, September 2004
- Can, Özer; Çelikten, İsmet; Usta, Nazım
- Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 45, Issue 15-16
Effect of water-containing acetone–butanol–ethanol gasoline blends on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of a spark-ignition engine
journal, June 2016
- Li, Yuqiang; Nithyanandan, Karthik; Lee, Timothy H.
- Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 117
Influence of Biodiesel and Different Designed Diesel Fuels on the Exhaust Gas Emissions and Health Effects
conference, October 2003
- Krahl, Jürgen; Munack, Axel; Schröder, Olaf
- SAE Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series
Autism Spectrum Disorders in Relation to Distribution of Hazardous Air Pollutants in the San Francisco Bay Area
journal, September 2006
- Windham, Gayle C.; Zhang, Lixia; Gunier, Robert
- Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 114, Issue 9
Evaluating the regulated emissions, air toxics, ultrafine particles, and black carbon from SI-PFI and SI-DI vehicles operating on different ethanol and iso-butanol blends
journal, July 2014
- Karavalakis, Georgios; Short, Daniel; Vu, Diep
- Fuel, Vol. 128
Emissions of gaseous pollutant from motorcycle powered by ethanol–gasoline blend
journal, February 2013
- Yao, Yung-Chen; Tsai, Jiun-Horng; Wang, I-Ting
- Applied Energy, Vol. 102
In-cylinder spectroscopic measurements of knocking combustion in a SI engine fuelled with butanol–gasoline blend
journal, December 2013
- Merola, Simona Silvia; Valentino, Gerardo; Tornatore, Cinzia
- Energy, Vol. 62
Performance analyses of a spark-ignition engine firing with gasoline–butanol blends at partial load operation
journal, February 2016
- Galloni, E.; Fontana, G.; Staccone, S.
- Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 110
Different Percentage of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) and Diesel Blends at Low Temperature Condition in a Constant Volume Chamber
conference, April 2014
- Zhou, Nan; Wu, Han; Lee, Chia-Fon
- SAE 2014 World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series
An Experimental Investigation of the Combustion Characteristics of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol-Diesel Blends with Different ABE Component Ratios in a Constant Volume Chamber
conference, April 2014
- Wu, Han; Huo, Ming; Zhou, Nan
- SAE 2014 World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series
Aromatic hydrocarbons emissions in diesel and biodiesel exhaust
journal, November 2006
- Corrêa, Sérgio Machado; Arbilla, Graciela
- Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 40, Issue 35
Separation of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) from dilute aqueous solutions by pervaporation
journal, April 2005
- Liu, Fangfang; Liu, Li; Feng, Xianshe
- Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 42, Issue 3
The Effect of Ethanol Fuel on a Spark Ignition Engine
conference, October 2006
- Nakata, Koichi; Utsumi, Shintaro; Ota, Atsuharu
- Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference and Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series
Pollutant formation and control in spark-ignition engines
journal, January 1976
- Heywood, John B.
- Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 1, Issue 4
Influence of ethanol–gasoline blended fuel on emission characteristics from a four-stroke motorcycle engine
journal, August 2005
- Jia, Li-Wei; Shen, Mei-Qing; Wang, Jun
- Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 123, Issue 1-3
Impacts of ethanol fuel level on emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants from a fleet of gasoline light-duty vehicles
journal, March 2012
- Karavalakis, Georgios; Durbin, Thomas D.; Shrivastava, Manish
- Fuel, Vol. 93
Impact of Adaptation on Flex-Fuel Vehicle Emissions When Fueled with E40
journal, February 2013
- Yanowitz, Janet; Knoll, Keith; Kemper, James
- Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 47, Issue 6
Butanol production from renewable biomass by clostridia
journal, November 2012
- Jang, Yu-Sin; Malaviya, Alok; Cho, Changhee
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 123
Experimental investigation on regulated and unregulated emissions of a diesel engine fueled with ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel blended with biodiesel from waste cooking oil
journal, January 2009
- Di, Yage; Cheung, C. S.; Huang, Zuohua
- Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 407, Issue 2
Combustion of n-butanol in a spark-ignition IC engine
journal, July 2010
- Szwaja, S.; Naber, J. D.
- Fuel, Vol. 89, Issue 7
Comparative Study of High-Alcohol-Content Gasoline Blends in an SI Engine
conference, April 2015
- Zhang, Jiaxiang; Nithyanandan, Karthik; Li, Yuqiang
- SAE 2015 World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series
Energy-efficient recovery of butanol from model solutions and fermentation broth by adsorption
journal, March 2005
- Qureshi, N.; Hughes, S.; Maddox, I. S.
- Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Vol. 27, Issue 4
Study of Regulated and Non-Regulated Emissions from Combustion of Gasoline, Alcohol Fuels and their Blends in a DI-SI Engine
conference, May 2010
- Wallner, Thomas; Frazee, Richard
- International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting, SAE Technical Paper Series