Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends

doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/en11051121

Title: Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends

Abstract

An experimental investigation was conducted on the effect of equivalence ratios and engine loads on performance and emission characteristics using acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and gasoline blends. Gasoline blends with various ABE content (0 vol % to 80 vol % ABE, referred to as G100, ABE10, ABE20, ABE30, ABE60, and ABE80, respectively) were used as test fuels, where the volumetric concentration of A/B/E was 3:6:1. The experiments were conducted at engine loads of 3, 4, 5, and 6 bar brake mean effective pressure at an engine speed of 1200 rpm and under various equivalence ratios (Φ = 0.83–1.25). The results showed that ABE addition in the fuel blends could increase brake thermal efficiency and decrease unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), carbon dioxide (CO), and oxynitride (NO _x). As for unregulated emissions, acetaldehyde and 1,3-budatiene emissions increased with the increased ABE content in blend fuels. Regarding the aromatic emissions, ABE addition led to a decrease in benzene, toluene, and xylene emissions. The study indicated that ABE could be used as a promising alternative fuel in spark ignition (SI) engines for enhancing the brake thermal efficiency and reducing regulated emissions and aromatic air toxics.

Authors:

Li, Yuanxu ^[1]; Ning, Zhi ^[2]; Lee, Chia-fon ^[3]; Lee, Timothy ^[3]; Yan, Junhao ^[3]

Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing (China); Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing (China)
Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)

Publication Date:: 2018-05-02

Research Org.:: Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC); National Key Research and Development Program; National Engineering Lab. for Mobile Source Emission Control Tech.

OSTI Identifier:: 1509870

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0006864

Resource Type:: Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Energies (Basel)

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1996-1073

Publisher:: MDPI AG

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS; acetone; butanol; ethanol; unregulated emissions; gas chromatography; aromatic air toxics

Citation Formats


                    Li, Yuanxu, Ning, Zhi, Lee, Chia-fon, Lee, Timothy, and Yan, Junhao. Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
        Web.  doi:10.3390/en11051121.

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                    Li, Yuanxu, Ning, Zhi, Lee, Chia-fon, Lee, Timothy, & Yan, Junhao. Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3390/en11051121

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                    Li, Yuanxu, Ning, Zhi, Lee, Chia-fon, Lee, Timothy, and Yan, Junhao. Wed .  
        "Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3390/en11051121.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1509870.

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@article{osti_1509870,

  title        = {Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends},

  author       = {Li, Yuanxu and Ning, Zhi and Lee, Chia-fon and Lee, Timothy and Yan, Junhao},

  abstractNote = {An experimental investigation was conducted on the effect of equivalence ratios and engine loads on performance and emission characteristics using acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and gasoline blends. Gasoline blends with various ABE content (0 vol % to 80 vol % ABE, referred to as G100, ABE10, ABE20, ABE30, ABE60, and ABE80, respectively) were used as test fuels, where the volumetric concentration of A/B/E was 3:6:1. The experiments were conducted at engine loads of 3, 4, 5, and 6 bar brake mean effective pressure at an engine speed of 1200 rpm and under various equivalence ratios (Φ = 0.83–1.25). The results showed that ABE addition in the fuel blends could increase brake thermal efficiency and decrease unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), carbon dioxide (CO), and oxynitride (NOx). As for unregulated emissions, acetaldehyde and 1,3-budatiene emissions increased with the increased ABE content in blend fuels. Regarding the aromatic emissions, ABE addition led to a decrease in benzene, toluene, and xylene emissions. The study indicated that ABE could be used as a promising alternative fuel in spark ignition (SI) engines for enhancing the brake thermal efficiency and reducing regulated emissions and aromatic air toxics.},

  doi          = {10.3390/en11051121},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1509870},
  journal      = {Energies (Basel)},

  issn         = {1996-1073},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 11,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {5}

}

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Title: Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends

Abstract

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Oxygenated transportation fuels. Evaluation of properties and emission performance in light-duty vehicles in Mexico journal, February 2011

Impacts of acetone on the spray combustion of Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE)-Diesel blends under low ambient temperature journal, February 2015

Improved SI engine efficiency using Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) journal, June 2016

Study of experimental and theoretical procedures when using thermogravimetric analysis to determine kinetic parameters of carbon black oxidation journal, May 2010

Progress in the production and application of n-butanol as a biofuel journal, October 2011

Emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine fuelled with gasoline-n-butanol blends in combination with EGR journal, March 2012

Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of a turbocharged indirect injection Diesel engine running at different injection pressures journal, September 2004

Effect of water-containing acetone–butanol–ethanol gasoline blends on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of a spark-ignition engine journal, June 2016

Influence of Biodiesel and Different Designed Diesel Fuels on the Exhaust Gas Emissions and Health Effects conference, October 2003

Autism Spectrum Disorders in Relation to Distribution of Hazardous Air Pollutants in the San Francisco Bay Area journal, September 2006

Evaluating the regulated emissions, air toxics, ultrafine particles, and black carbon from SI-PFI and SI-DI vehicles operating on different ethanol and iso-butanol blends journal, July 2014

Emissions of gaseous pollutant from motorcycle powered by ethanol–gasoline blend journal, February 2013

In-cylinder spectroscopic measurements of knocking combustion in a SI engine fuelled with butanol–gasoline blend journal, December 2013

Performance analyses of a spark-ignition engine firing with gasoline–butanol blends at partial load operation journal, February 2016

Different Percentage of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) and Diesel Blends at Low Temperature Condition in a Constant Volume Chamber conference, April 2014

An Experimental Investigation of the Combustion Characteristics of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol-Diesel Blends with Different ABE Component Ratios in a Constant Volume Chamber conference, April 2014

Aromatic hydrocarbons emissions in diesel and biodiesel exhaust journal, November 2006

Separation of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) from dilute aqueous solutions by pervaporation journal, April 2005

The Effect of Ethanol Fuel on a Spark Ignition Engine conference, October 2006

Pollutant formation and control in spark-ignition engines journal, January 1976

Influence of ethanol–gasoline blended fuel on emission characteristics from a four-stroke motorcycle engine journal, August 2005

Impacts of ethanol fuel level on emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants from a fleet of gasoline light-duty vehicles journal, March 2012

Impact of Adaptation on Flex-Fuel Vehicle Emissions When Fueled with E40 journal, February 2013

Butanol production from renewable biomass by clostridia journal, November 2012

Experimental investigation on regulated and unregulated emissions of a diesel engine fueled with ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel blended with biodiesel from waste cooking oil journal, January 2009

Combustion of n-butanol in a spark-ignition IC engine journal, July 2010

Comparative Study of High-Alcohol-Content Gasoline Blends in an SI Engine conference, April 2015

Energy-efficient recovery of butanol from model solutions and fermentation broth by adsorption journal, March 2005

Study of Regulated and Non-Regulated Emissions from Combustion of Gasoline, Alcohol Fuels and their Blends in a DI-SI Engine conference, May 2010

Challenges in biobutanol production: How to improve the efficiency?
journal, February 2011

Comparison of regulated and non-regulated pollutants with iso-octane/butanol and iso-octane/ethanol blends in a port-fuel injection Spark-Ignition engine
journal, April 2012

Combustion and emission characteristics of a HCCI engine fuelled with n-butanol–gasoline blends
journal, June 2013

Ethanol in gasoline: environmental impacts and sustainability review article
journal, December 2005

Effect of ethanol–unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission
journal, June 2003

Use of water containing acetone–butanol–ethanol for NO x -PM (nitrogen oxide-particulate matter) trade-off in the diesel engine fueled with biodiesel
journal, January 2014

Primary investigation to leveraging effect of using ethanol fuel on reducing gasoline fuel consumption
journal, March 2013

The speciation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from motorcycle engine exhaust at different driving modes
journal, June 2003

Experimental investigation on SI engine using gasoline and a hybrid iso-butanol/gasoline fuel
journal, May 2015

Influence of fuel and air/fuel equivalence ratio on the emission of hydrocarbons from a SI engine. 1. Experimental findings
journal, December 2004

Techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment of cellulosic isobutanol and comparison with cellulosic ethanol and n-butanol
journal, October 2013

Performance and exhaust emissions of a gasoline engine with ethanol blended gasoline fuels using artificial neural network
journal, May 2009

Green energy: Water-containing acetone–butanol–ethanol diesel blends fueled in diesel engines
journal, September 2013

A Preliminary Investigation of the Performance and Emissions of a Port-Fuel Injected SI Engine Fueled with Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) and Gasoline
conference, April 2014

Regulated and unregulated emissions from a spark-ignition engine fuelled with low-blend ethanol–gasoline mixtures
journal, October 2011

Particulate emission characterization of a biodiesel vs diesel-fuelled compression ignition transport engine: A comparative study
journal, September 2006

Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions
journal, February 2011

Low temperature spray combustion of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and diesel blends
journal, March 2014

A review of emission products from bioethanol and its blends with gasoline. Background for new guidelines for emission control
journal, January 2015

Speciated Engine-Out Organic Gas Emissions from a PFI-SI Engine Operating on Ethanol/Gasoline Mixtures
journal, October 2009

Influence of engine load and speed on regulated and unregulated emissions of a diesel engine fueled with diesel fuel blended with waste cooking oil biodiesel
journal, September 2016

Experimental study on emissions and performance of an internal combustion engine fueled with gasoline and gasoline/n-butanol blends
journal, December 2014

Investigating the Impact of Acetone on the Performance and Emissions of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) and Gasoline Blends in an SI Engine
conference, April 2015

Separate and Unequal: Residential Segregation and Estimated Cancer Risks Associated with Ambient Air Toxics in U.S. Metropolitan Areas
journal, March 2006

Carbonyl Compounds and Toxicity Assessments of Emissions from a Diesel Engine Running on Biodiesels
journal, February 2009

Production of acetone and butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum in continuous culture with cell recycle
journal, October 1985

Oxygenated transportation fuels. Evaluation of properties and emission performance in light-duty vehicles in Mexico
journal, February 2011

Impacts of acetone on the spray combustion of Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE)-Diesel blends under low ambient temperature
journal, February 2015

Improved SI engine efficiency using Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE)
journal, June 2016

Study of experimental and theoretical procedures when using thermogravimetric analysis to determine kinetic parameters of carbon black oxidation
journal, May 2010

Progress in the production and application of n-butanol as a biofuel
journal, October 2011

Emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine fuelled with gasoline-n-butanol blends in combination with EGR
journal, March 2012

Effects of ethanol addition on performance and emissions of a turbocharged indirect injection Diesel engine running at different injection pressures
journal, September 2004

Effect of water-containing acetone–butanol–ethanol gasoline blends on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of a spark-ignition engine
journal, June 2016

Influence of Biodiesel and Different Designed Diesel Fuels on the Exhaust Gas Emissions and Health Effects
conference, October 2003

Autism Spectrum Disorders in Relation to Distribution of Hazardous Air Pollutants in the San Francisco Bay Area
journal, September 2006

Evaluating the regulated emissions, air toxics, ultrafine particles, and black carbon from SI-PFI and SI-DI vehicles operating on different ethanol and iso-butanol blends
journal, July 2014

Emissions of gaseous pollutant from motorcycle powered by ethanol–gasoline blend
journal, February 2013

In-cylinder spectroscopic measurements of knocking combustion in a SI engine fuelled with butanol–gasoline blend
journal, December 2013

Performance analyses of a spark-ignition engine firing with gasoline–butanol blends at partial load operation
journal, February 2016

Different Percentage of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) and Diesel Blends at Low Temperature Condition in a Constant Volume Chamber
conference, April 2014

An Experimental Investigation of the Combustion Characteristics of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol-Diesel Blends with Different ABE Component Ratios in a Constant Volume Chamber
conference, April 2014

Aromatic hydrocarbons emissions in diesel and biodiesel exhaust
journal, November 2006

Separation of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) from dilute aqueous solutions by pervaporation
journal, April 2005

The Effect of Ethanol Fuel on a Spark Ignition Engine
conference, October 2006

Pollutant formation and control in spark-ignition engines
journal, January 1976

Influence of ethanol–gasoline blended fuel on emission characteristics from a four-stroke motorcycle engine
journal, August 2005

Impacts of ethanol fuel level on emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants from a fleet of gasoline light-duty vehicles
journal, March 2012

Impact of Adaptation on Flex-Fuel Vehicle Emissions When Fueled with E40
journal, February 2013

Butanol production from renewable biomass by clostridia
journal, November 2012

Experimental investigation on regulated and unregulated emissions of a diesel engine fueled with ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel blended with biodiesel from waste cooking oil
journal, January 2009

Combustion of n-butanol in a spark-ignition IC engine
journal, July 2010

Comparative Study of High-Alcohol-Content Gasoline Blends in an SI Engine
conference, April 2015

Energy-efficient recovery of butanol from model solutions and fermentation broth by adsorption
journal, March 2005

Study of Regulated and Non-Regulated Emissions from Combustion of Gasoline, Alcohol Fuels and their Blends in a DI-SI Engine
conference, May 2010