Black carbon-induced snow albedo reduction over the Tibetan Plateau: uncertainties from snow grain shape and aerosol–snow mixing state based on an updated SNICAR model

He, Cenlin; Flanner, Mark G.; Chen, Fei; Barlage, Michael; Liou, Kuo -Nan; Kang, Shichang; Ming, Jing; Qian, Yun

doi:10.5194/acp-18-11507-2018

Black carbon-induced snow albedo reduction over the Tibetan Plateau: uncertainties from snow grain shape and aerosol–snow mixing state based on an updated SNICAR model

Journal Article · Wed Aug 15 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11507-2018· OSTI ID:1508123

^[1]; Flanner, Mark G. ^[2]; Chen, Fei ^[3]; Barlage, Michael ^[1]; Liou, Kuo -Nan ^[4]; Kang, Shichang ^[5]; ^[6]; ^[7]

National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States); Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing (China)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou (China); CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing (China)
Max Planck Inst. for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

We implement a set of new parameterizations into the widely used Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiative (SNICAR) model to account for effects of snow grain shape (spherical vs. nonspherical) and black carbon (BC)–snow mixing state (external vs. internal). We find that nonspherical snow grains lead to higher pure albedo but weaker BC-induced albedo reductions relative to spherical snow grains, while BC–snow internal mixing significantly enhances albedo reductions relative to external mixing. The combination of snow nonsphericity and internal mixing suggests an important interactive effect on BC-induced albedo reduction. Comparisons with observations of clean and BC-contaminated snow albedo show that model simulations accounting for both snow nonsphericity and BC–snow internal mixing perform better than those using the common assumption of spherical snow grains and external mixing. We further apply the updated SNICAR model with comprehensive in situ measurements of BC concentrations in the Tibetan Plateau snowpack to quantify the present-day (2000–2015) BC-induced snow albedo effects from a regional and seasonal perspective. The BC concentrations show distinct and substantial sub-regional and seasonal variations, with higher values in the non-monsoon season and low altitudes. As a result, the BC-induced regional mean snow albedo reductions and surface radiative effects vary by up to an order of magnitude across different sub-regions and seasons, with values of 0.7–30.7 and 1.4–58.4 W m^-2 for BC externally mixed with fresh and aged snow spheres, respectively. The BC radiative effects are further complicated by uncertainty in snow grain shape and BC–snow mixing state. BC–snow internal mixing enhances the mean albedo effects over the plateau by 30–60 % relative to external mixing, while nonspherical snow grains decrease the mean albedo effects by up to 31 % relative to spherical grains. Based on this study, extensive measurements and improved model characterization of snow grain shape and aerosol–snow mixing state are urgently needed in order to precisely evaluate BC–snow albedo effects.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1508123

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--137623

Journal Information:: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online), Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) Journal Issue: 15 Vol. 18; ISSN 1680-7324

Publisher:: European Geosciences UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Deposition of Organic and Black Carbon: Direct Measurements at Three Remote Stations in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau Yan, Fangping; He, Cenlin; Kang, Shichang Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 124, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd031018	journal	August 2019
Optical Modeling of Black Carbon With Different Coating Materials: The Effect of Coating Configurations Luo, Jie; Zhang, Qixing; Luo, Jianfei Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 124, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd031701	journal	December 2019
Enhanced Snow Absorption and Albedo Reduction by Dust‐Snow Internal Mixing: Modeling and Parameterization He, Cenlin; Liou, Kuo‐Nan; Takano, Yoshi Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001737	journal	November 2019
A Review of the Representation of Aerosol Mixing State in Atmospheric Models Stevens, Robin; Dastoor, Ashu Atmosphere, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10040168	journal	March 2019
Radiative feedbacks of dust in snow over eastern Asia in CAM4-BAM Xie, Xiaoning; Liu, Xiaodong; Che, Huizheng Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12683-2018	journal	January 2018
Impact of light-absorbing particles on snow albedo darkening and associated radiative forcing over high-mountain Asia: high-resolution WRF-Chem modeling and new satellite observations Sarangi, Chandan; Qian, Yun; Rittger, Karl Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7105-2019	journal	January 2019
Intercomparison and improvement of two-stream shortwave radiative transfer schemes in Earth system models for a unified treatment of cryospheric surfaces Dang, Cheng; Zender, Charles S.; Flanner, Mark G. The Cryosphere, Vol. 13, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2325-2019	journal	January 2019

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