Impact of lithiated cobalt oxide and phosphate nanoparticles on rainbow trout gill epithelial cells

Melby, Eric S.; Cui, Yi; Borgatta, Jaya; Mensch, Arielle C.; Hang, Mimi N.; Chrisler, William B.; Dohnalkova, Alice; Van Gilder, John M.; Alvarez, Catherine M.; Smith, Jordan N.; Hamers, Robert J.; Orr, Galya

doi:10.1080/17435390.2018.1508785

Title: Impact of lithiated cobalt oxide and phosphate nanoparticles on rainbow trout gill epithelial cells

Journal Article · Mon Nov 19 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Nanotoxicology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2018.1508785· OSTI ID:1507532

^[1];

^[1]; Borgatta, Jaya ^[2];

^[1]; Hang, Mimi N. ^[2]; Chrisler, William B. ^[3];

^[1];

^[2]; Alvarez, Catherine M. ^[2];

^[3];

^[2];

^[1]

Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, (WA), USA,
Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, (WI), USA,
Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA

Metal oxide and phosphate nanoparticles (NPs) are ubiquitous in emerging applications, ranging from energy storage to catalysis. Cobalt-containing NPs are particularly important, where their widespread use raises questions about the relationship between composition, structure, and potential for environmental impacts. To address this gap, we investigated the effects of lithiated metal oxide and phosphate NPs on rainbow trout gill epithelial cells, a model for environmental exposure. Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) NPs significantly reduced cell viability at 10 µg/mL, while a 10-fold higher concentration of lithiated cobalt hydroxyphosphate (LCP) NPs was required to significantly reduce viability. Exposure to Li+ and Co2+ alone, at concentrations relevant to ion released from the NPs, did not reduce cell viability and minimally impacted reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Both LCO- and LCP-NPs were found within membrane-bound organelles. However, only LCP-NPs underwent rapid and complete dissolution in artificial lysosomal fluid. Unlike LCP-NPs, LCO-NPs significantly increased intracellular ROS, could be found within abnormal multilamellar bodies, and induced formation of intracellular vacuoles. Increased p53 gene expression, measured in individual cells, was observed at sub-toxic concentrations of both LCO- and LCP-NPs, implicating both in inductions of cellular damage and stress at concentrations approaching predicted environmental levels. Our results implicate the intact NP, not the dissolved ions, in the observed adverse effects and show that LCO-NPs significantly impact cell viability accompanied by increase in intracellular ROS and formation of organelles indicative of cell stress, while LCP-NPs have minimal adverse effects, possibly due to their rapid dissolution in acidic organelles.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1507532

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-137427

Journal Information:: Nanotoxicology, Vol. 12, Issue 10; ISSN 1743-5390

Publisher:: Informa Healthcare

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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