skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Designing Metabolic Division of Labor in Microbial Communities

Journal Article · · mSystems

ABSTRACT Microbes face a trade-off between being metabolically independent and relying on neighboring organisms for the supply of some essential metabolites. This balance of conflicting strategies affects microbial community structure and dynamics, with important implications for microbiome research and synthetic ecology. A “gedanken” (thought) experiment to investigate this trade-off would involve monitoring the rise of mutual dependence as the number of metabolic reactions allowed in an organism is increasingly constrained. The expectation is that below a certain number of reactions, no individual organism would be able to grow in isolation and cross-feeding partnerships and division of labor would emerge. We implemented this idealized experiment using in silico genome-scale models. In particular, we used mixed-integer linear programming to identify trade-off solutions in communities of Escherichia coli strains. The strategies that we found revealed a large space of opportunities in nuanced and nonintuitive metabolic division of labor, including, for example, splitting the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle into two separate halves. The systematic computation of possible solutions in division of labor for 1-, 2-, and 3-strain consortia resulted in a rich and complex landscape. This landscape displayed a nonlinear boundary, indicating that the loss of an intracellular reaction was not necessarily compensated for by a single imported metabolite. Different regions in this landscape were associated with specific solutions and patterns of exchanged metabolites. Our approach also predicts the existence of regions in this landscape where independent bacteria are viable but are outcompeted by cross-feeding pairs, providing a possible incentive for the rise of division of labor. IMPORTANCE Understanding how microbes assemble into communities is a fundamental open issue in biology, relevant to human health, metabolic engineering, and environmental sustainability. A possible mechanism for interactions of microbes is through cross-feeding, i.e., the exchange of small molecules. These metabolic exchanges may allow different microbes to specialize in distinct tasks and evolve division of labor. To systematically explore the space of possible strategies for division of labor, we applied advanced optimization algorithms to computational models of cellular metabolism. Specifically, we searched for communities able to survive under constraints (such as a limited number of reactions) that would not be sustainable by individual species. We found that predicted consortia partition metabolic pathways in ways that would be difficult to identify manually, possibly providing a competitive advantage over individual organisms. In addition to helping understand diversity in natural microbial communities, our approach could assist in the design of synthetic consortia.

Research Organization:
Boston Univ., MA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0004962; SC0012627
OSTI ID:
1505658
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1610773
Journal Information:
mSystems, Journal Name: mSystems Vol. 4 Journal Issue: 2; ISSN 2379-5077
Publisher:
American Society for MicrobiologyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 62 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (102)

Networks of energetic and metabolic interactions define dynamics in microbial communities journal November 2015
Ecosystems biology of microbial metabolism journal August 2011
The phenomenon of microbial uncultivability journal October 2013
From Cell Differentiation to Cell Collectives: Bacillus subtilis Uses Division of Labor to Migrate journal April 2015
Environments that Induce Synthetic Microbial Ecosystems journal November 2010
Distributing a metabolic pathway among a microbial consortium enhances production of natural products journal January 2015
Extreme genome reduction in symbiotic bacteria journal November 2011
Resource Availability Modulates the Cooperative and Competitive Nature of a Microbial Cross-Feeding Mutualism journal August 2016
Analysis of fluorescent reporters indicates heterogeneity in glucose uptake and utilization in clonal bacterial populations journal January 2013
An expanded genome-scale model of Escherichia coli K-12 (iJR904 GSM/GPR) journal August 2003
Metabolic modeling of a mutualistic microbial community journal January 2007
Metabolic Resource Allocation in Individual Microbes Determines Ecosystem Interactions and Spatial Dynamics journal May 2014
Functional Metabolic Map of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a Beneficial Human Gut Microbe journal July 2014
Reconstruction and Use of Microbial Metabolic Networks: the Core Escherichia coli Metabolic Model as an Educational Guide journal September 2010
Metabolic modeling of species interaction in the human microbiome elucidates community-level assembly rules journal July 2013
The Black Queen Hypothesis: Evolution of Dependencies through Adaptive Gene Loss journal March 2012
Division of Labor in Biofilms: the Ecology of Cell Differentiation journal April 2015
Precise manipulation of bacterial chromosomes by conjugative assembly genome engineering journal September 2014
Engineering microbial consortia for controllable outputs journal March 2016
Metabolic model-based analysis of the emergence of bacterial cross-feeding via extensive gene loss journal June 2018
Quantitative prediction of cellular metabolism with constraint-based models: the COBRA Toolbox v2.0 journal August 2011
NetCmpt: a network-based tool for calculating the metabolic competition between bacterial species journal July 2012
Modeling central metabolism and energy biosynthesis across microbial life journal August 2016
A functional perspective on phenotypic heterogeneity in microorganisms journal July 2015
Escherichia coli alpha-ketoglutarate permease is a constitutively expressed proton symporter. journal March 1992
Laboratory Evolution to Alternating Substrate Environments Yields Distinct Phenotypic and Genetic Adaptive Strategies journal April 2017
Fast growth phenotype of E. coli K-12 from adaptive laboratory evolution does not require intracellular flux rewiring journal November 2017
Close Interspecies Interactions between Prokaryotes from Sulfureous Environments journal January 2011
Repeated evolution of an acetate-crossfeeding polymorphism in long-term populations of Escherichia coli journal July 1998
Unusual cyanobacterial TCA cycles: not broken just different journal September 2012
Less is More: Selective Advantages can Explain the Prevalent loss of Biosynthetic Genes in Bacteria: Adaptive loss of Biosynthetic Genes in Bacteria journal July 2014
The dynamics of molecular evolution over 60,000 generations journal October 2017
The E. coli molecular phenotype under different growth conditions journal April 2017
Syntrophic exchange in synthetic microbial communities journal April 2014
Using Genome-scale Models to Predict Biological Capabilities journal May 2015
Microbial Community Metabolic Modeling: A Community Data-Driven Network Reconstruction: COMMUNITY DATA-DRIVEN METABOLIC NETWORK MODELING journal June 2016
Sampling for Metabolome Analysis of Microorganisms journal May 2007
Metabolic interactions in microbial communities: untangling the Gordian knot journal October 2015
Competitive resource allocation to metabolic pathways contributes to overflow metabolisms and emergent properties in cross-feeding microbial consortia journal February 2018
Synthetic Escherichia coli consortia engineered for syntrophy demonstrate enhanced biomass productivity journal January 2012
Generation of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions for 773 members of the human gut microbiota journal November 2016
Competitive and cooperative metabolic interactions in bacterial communities journal September 2011
Genome-driven evolutionary game theory helps understand the rise of metabolic interdependencies in microbial communities journal November 2017
Optimal allocation of metabolic functions among organisms in a microbial ecosystem conference December 2016
A Programmable Escherichia coli Consortium via Tunable Symbiosis journal March 2012
Quantitative flux coupling analysis journal December 2018
Managing uncertainty in metabolic network structure and improving predictions using EnsembleFBA journal March 2017
Variation and evolution of the citric-acid cycle: a genomic perspective journal July 1999
Dissecting the genetic and metabolic mechanisms of adaptation to the knockout of a major metabolic enzyme in Escherichia coli journal December 2017
Long-Term Experimental Evolution in Escherichia coli. XIII. Phylogenetic History of a Balanced Polymorphism journal June 2005
Inferring Metabolic Mechanisms of Interaction within a Defined Gut Microbiota journal September 2018
Novel Cooperation Experimentally Evolved Between Species journal February 2010
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Glyoxylate Bypass journal July 2005
Design and analysis of synthetic carbon fixation pathways journal April 2010
Sequence homologies between proteins of bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase systems: identification of possible phosphate-carrying histidine residues. journal July 1987
Bacterial Unculturability and the Formation of Intercellular Metabolic Networks journal May 2017
Emergent cooperation in microbial metabolism journal January 2010
Metabolic Changes Associated With Adaptive Diversification in Escherichia coli journal February 2008
Metabolic dependencies drive species co-occurrence in diverse microbial communities journal May 2015
Oxygen-regulated gene expression in Escherichia coli: (Delivered at the 122nd Ordinary Meeting of the Society for General Microbiology, 25 March 1992) journal November 1992
Experimental Evidence for Sympatric Ecological Diversification due to Frequency-Dependent Competition in Escherichia coli journal January 2004
Snowdrift game dynamics and facultative cheating in yeast journal April 2009
Stochastic Gene Expression in a Single Cell journal August 2002
BiGG Models: A platform for integrating, standardizing and sharing genome-scale models journal October 2015
The Incomplete Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in the Blue-green Alga Anabaena Variabilis journal March 1969
Extensive exometabolome analysis reveals extended overflow metabolism in various microorganisms journal January 2012
From elementary flux modes to elementary flux vectors: Metabolic pathway analysis with arbitrary linear flux constraints journal April 2017
Programming cells by multiplex genome engineering and accelerated evolution journal July 2009
Metabolic division of labor in microbial systems journal February 2018
Biotic Interactions Shape the Ecological Distributions of Staphylococcus Species journal October 2016
Emergent Biosynthetic Capacity in Simple Microbial Communities journal July 2014
OptCom: A Multi-Level Optimization Framework for the Metabolic Modeling and Analysis of Microbial Communities journal February 2012
Bayesian metabolic flux analysis reveals intracellular flux couplings journal July 2019
Metabolic interactions between dynamic bacterial subpopulations journal May 2018
Optknock: A bilevel programming framework for identifying gene knockout strategies for microbial strain optimization journal October 2003
Adaptive Diversification in Genes That Regulate Resource Use in Escherichia coli journal January 2007
The PEP—pyruvate—oxaloacetate node as the switch point for carbon flux distribution in bacteria: We dedicate this paper to Rudolf K. Thauer, Director of the Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology in Marburg, Germany, on the occasion of his 65th birthday journal September 2005
New approach for understanding genome variations in KEGG journal October 2018
Systematic changes in gene expression patterns following adaptive evolution in yeast journal August 1999
The Importance of Compartmentalization in Metabolic flux Models: Yeast as an Ecosystem of Organelles conference January 2012
Adaptation increases the likelihood of diversification in an experimental bacterial lineage journal January 2008
Flux Coupling Analysis of Genome-Scale Metabolic Network Reconstructions journal February 2004
Development and application of a differential method for reliable metabolome analysis in Escherichia coli journal March 2009
Synthetic cooperation in engineered yeast populations journal January 2007
Metabolic network modeling of microbial communities: Metabolic network modeling
  • Biggs, Matthew B.; Medlock, Gregory L.; Kolling, Glynis L.
  • Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1308
journal June 2015
Community Flux Balance Analysis for Microbial Consortia at Balanced Growth journal May 2013
Yeast Creates a Niche for Symbiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria through Nitrogen Overflow journal October 2017
Microbial evolution in a simple unstructured environment: genetic differentiation in Escherichia coli. journal August 1994
Synthetic Ecology of Microbes: Mathematical Models and Applications journal February 2016
Genomics and Evolution of Heritable Bacterial Symbionts journal December 2008
Long‐Term Experimental Evolution in Escherichia coli . VIII. Dynamics of a Balanced Polymorphism journal January 2000
From Network Analysis to Functional Metabolic Modeling of the Human Gut Microbiota journal March 2018
Overflow metabolism in Escherichia coli results from efficient proteome allocation journal December 2015
Biogeography, Evolution, and Diversity of Epibionts in Phototrophic Consortia journal August 2004
F2C2: a fast tool for the computation of flux coupling in genome-scale metabolic networks journal April 2012
Sugar Synthesis from CO2 in Escherichia coli journal June 2016
NetCooperate: a network-based tool for inferring host-microbe and microbe-microbe cooperation journal May 2015
Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems journal January 2013
Evolution experiments with microorganisms: the dynamics and genetic bases of adaptation journal June 2003
A challenge for 21st century molecular biology and biochemistry: what are the causes of obligate autotrophy and methanotrophy? journal June 2004
Building a morbidostat: an automated continuous-culture device for studying bacterial drug resistance under dynamically sustained drug inhibition journal February 2013
Fitness and stability of obligate cross-feeding interactions that emerge upon gene loss in bacteria journal November 2013