Quench-Spot Detection for Superconducting Accelerator Cavities Via Flow Visualization in Superfluid Helium-4

Bao, Shiran; Guo, Wei

doi:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.11.044003

Title: Quench-Spot Detection for Superconducting Accelerator Cavities Via Flow Visualization in Superfluid Helium-4

Journal Article · Mon Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Physical Review Applied

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.11.044003· OSTI ID:1504264

Bao, Shiran ^[1]; Guo, Wei ^[1]

Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States). National High Magnetic Field Lab. (MagLab), Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities, cooled by superfluid helium-4 (He II), are key components in modern particle accelerators. Quenches in SRF cavities caused by Joule heating from local surface defects can severely limit the maximum achievable accelerating field. Existing methods for quench-spot detection include temperature mapping and second-sound triangulation. These methods are useful but also have known limitations. Here we describe an alternative method for surface quench-spot detection by visualizing the heat transfer in He II via tracking He2 molecular tracer lines. A proof-of-concept experiment is conducted, in which a miniature heater mounted on a plate is pulsed on to simulate a surface quench spot. A He2 tracer line created nearby the heater deforms due to the counterflow heat transfer in He II. By analyzing the tracer-line deformation, we well reproduce the heater location within a few hundred microns, which clearly demonstrates the feasibility of this alternative technology. Our analysis also reveals that the heat content transported in He II is only a small fraction of the total input heat energy. We show that the remaining energy is essentially consumed in the formation of a cavitation zone near the heater. By estimating the size of this cavitation zone, we discuss how the existence of the cavitation zone may explain a decades-long puzzle observed in many past second-sound triangulation experiments.

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Research Organization:: Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States). National High Magnetic Field Lab. (MagLab)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-96ER40952

OSTI ID:: 1504264

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1504544

Journal Information:: Physical Review Applied, Vol. 11, Issue 4; ISSN 2331-7019

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 5 works

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Title: Quench-Spot Detection for Superconducting Accelerator Cavities Via Flow Visualization in Superfluid Helium-4

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