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LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
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We describe the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the solar system, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a large, wide-field ground-based system designed to obtain repeated images covering the sky visible from Cerro Pachón in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg2 field of view, a 3.2-gigapixel camera, and six filters (ugrizy) covering the wavelength range 320–1050 nm. The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. About 90% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode that will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg2 region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 yr of operations and will yield a co-added map to r ~ 27.5. These data will result in databases including about 32 trillion observations of 20 billion galaxies and a similar number of stars, and they will serve the majority of the primary science programs. The remaining 10% of the observing time will be allocated to special projects such as Very Deep and Very Fast time domain surveys, whose details are currently under discussion. We illustrate how the LSST science drivers led to these choices of system parameters, and we describe the expected data products and their characteristics.

Research Organization:
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Organization:
LSST Science Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0012704
OSTI ID:
1504385
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1505423
OSTI ID: 1755511
OSTI ID: 1572251
OSTI ID: 1581095
OSTI ID: 1595419
Report Number(s):
BNL--211477-2019-JAAM
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 873; ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Radio transients from stellar tidal disruption by massive black holes: Transients from stellar tidal disruptions journal July 2011
Cosmic flows in the nearby universe from Type Ia supernovae: Cosmic flows from SNIa journal December 2011
Tomographic magnification of Lyman-break galaxies in the Deep Lens Survey: Tomographic magnification journal October 2012
OpenOrb: Open-source asteroid orbit computation software including statistical ranging journal December 2009
An end-to-end simulation framework for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope conference August 2014
BICEP2 and Keck array: upgrades and improved beam characterization conference August 2014
The LSST metrics analysis framework (MAF) conference July 2014
The LSST operations simulator conference August 2014
Calibrating CHIME: a new radio interferometer to probe dark energy conference July 2014
Investigating interoperability of the LSST data management software stack with Astropy conference July 2016
Survey strategy optimization for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope
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conference August 2016
LSST mirror system status: from design to fabrication and integration conference July 2016
An optical to IR sky brightness model for the LSST conference July 2016
GAVIP: a platform for Gaia data analysis conference July 2016
An integrated modeling framework for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) conference August 2016
HIRAX: a probe of dark energy and radio transients conference August 2016
LSST data management software development practices and tools conference July 2018
MODTRAN4: radiative transfer modeling for remote sensing conference December 1999
MODTRAN4: radiative transfer modeling for remote sensing conference August 2000
Pan-STARRS: A Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Array conference December 2002
The Pan-STARRS wide-field optical/NIR imaging survey conference July 2010
Introduction to the CFHT Legacy Survey final release (CFHTLS T0007)
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  • SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.925584
conference September 2012
Dynamical Spreading of Asteroid Families by the Yarkovsky Effect journal November 2001
A Population of Comets in the Main Asteroid Belt journal April 2006
A Bright Millisecond Radio Burst of Extragalactic Origin journal November 2007
A Possible Relativistic Jetted Outburst from a Massive Black Hole Fed by a Tidally Disrupted Star journal June 2011
A Population of Fast Radio Bursts at Cosmological Distances journal July 2013
Does Transparent Hidden Matter Generate Optical Scintillation? conference January 2012
Gamma-Ray Bursts: Progress, Problems & Prospects journal June 2004
Galactic Stellar Populations in the Era of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Other Large Surveys journal September 2012
Weak Lensing for Precision Cosmology journal September 2018
Mass Loss: Its Effect on the Evolution and Fate of High-Mass Stars journal August 2014
Progenitors of Core-Collapse Supernovae journal September 2009
Deep Extragalactic X-Ray Surveys journal September 2005
GALSIM: The modular galaxy image simulation toolkit text January 2015
Processing Images from the Zwicky Transient Facility conference October 2018
Evidence for a Distant Giant Planet in the Solar System journal January 2016
Modeling the Performance of the lsst in Surveying the Near-Earth Object Population journal June 2016
Modeling the Nearly Isotropic Comet Population in Anticipation of lsst Observations journal October 2016
The Albedo Distribution of near Earth Asteroids journal September 2016
Realistic Detectability of Close Interstellar Comets journal June 2016
New Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects: Toward a Super-Earth in the Outer Solar System journal December 2016
An Observational Upper Limit on the Interstellar Number Density of Asteroids and Comets journal February 2017
Near-Earth Object Orbit Linking with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope journal June 2017
High-fidelity Simulations of the Near-Earth Object Search Performance of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope journal June 2017
Observational Bias and the Clustering of Distant Eccentric Kuiper Belt Objects journal July 2017
Photometric Redshifts with the LSST: Evaluating Survey Observing Strategies journal January 2018
Forward Global Photometric Calibration of the Dark Energy Survey journal December 2017
Detection of Time Lags between Quasar Continuum Emission Bands Based On Pan-STARRS Light Curves journal February 2017
LOSS Revisited. I. Unraveling Correlations between Supernova Rates and Galaxy Properties, as Measured in a Reanalysis of the Lick Observatory Supernova Search journal March 2017
Measuring the Growth Rate of Structure with Type IA Supernovae from LSST journal September 2017
Toward Rapid Transient Identification and Characterization of Kilonovae journal October 2017
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: H α and H β Reverberation Measurements from First-year Spectroscopy and Photometry journal December 2017
Precise Time Delays from Strongly Gravitationally Lensed Type Ia Supernovae with Chromatically Microlensed Images journal March 2018
Illuminating Low Surface Brightness Galaxies with the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey journal April 2018
Scientific Synergy between LSST and Euclid journal December 2017
Observational Constraints on the Orbit and Location of Planet nine in the Outer Solar System journal June 2016
HOW TO FIND GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE journal December 2016
Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger journal October 2017
Implications for Planetary System Formation from Interstellar Object 1I/2017 U1 (‘Oumuamua) journal November 2017
How Many Kilonovae Can Be Found in Past, Present, and Future Survey Data Sets? journal December 2017
The VVDS type-1 AGN sample: The faint end of the luminosity function text January 2007
The Afterglows of Swift-era Gamma-Ray Bursts. I. Comparing pre-Swift and Swift era Long/Soft (Type II) GRB Optical Afterglows text January 2007
The Environment of Galaxies at Low Redshift text January 2008
Towards a Real-time Transient Classification Engine text January 2008
The Milky Way Tomography with SDSS: II. Stellar Metallicity text January 2008
Galactic Globular and Open Clusters in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Crowded Field Photometry and Cluster Fiducial Sequences in ugriz text January 2008
First Results from the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey text January 2008
Cosmological Constraints from Gravitational Lens Time Delays text January 2009
Progenitors of core-collapse supernovae text January 2009
The Milky Way Tomography with SDSS: III. Stellar Kinematics text January 2009
Group Finding in the Stellar Halo using Photometric Surveys: Current Sensitivity and Future Prospects text January 2010
Discovery of a Dissociative Galaxy Cluster Merger with Large Physical Separation text January 2011
The Pan-STARRS Moving Object Processing System text January 2013
Combining clustering and abundances of galaxy clusters to test cosmology and primordial non-Gaussianity text January 2013
Joint analysis of cluster number counts and weak lensing power spectrum to correct for the super-sample covariance text January 2013
Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from DES Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Candidates with Fermi-LAT Data text January 2015
The Dark Energy Survey: more than dark energy - an overview text January 2016
New Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects: Towards a Super-Earth in the Outer Solar System text January 2016
High-fidelity Simulations of the Near-Earth Object Search Performance of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope text January 2017
Measuring the growth rate of structure with Type IA Supernovae from LSST text January 2017
Supernova forecast with strong lensing text January 2017
Differentiating between Modified Gravity and Dark Energy text January 2003
The CIDA Variability Survey of Orion OB1. I: the low-mass population of Ori OB 1a and 1b text January 2004
Systematic Errors in Future Weak Lensing Surveys: Requirements and Prospects for Self-Calibration text January 2005
L and T Dwarf Models and the L to T Transition text January 2005
The Sloan-Lens ACS Survey II: stellar populations and internal structure of early-type lens galaxies text January 2005
Observational Constraints on the Nature of the Dark Energy: First Cosmological Results from the ESSENCE Supernova Survey text January 2007
An Improved Photometric Calibration of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Imaging Data text January 2007
The Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey text January 2009

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Observational properties of thermonuclear supernovae journal August 2019
Towards emulating cosmic shear data: revisiting the calibration of the shear measurements for the Kilo-Degree Survey journal April 2019
In-flight photometry extraction of PLATO targets: Optimal apertures for detecting extrasolar planets journal July 2019
Survey of gravitationally-lensed objects in HSC imaging (SuGOHI): III. Statistical strong lensing constraints on the stellar IMF of CMASS galaxies journal September 2019
Investigating the degeneracy between modified gravity and massive neutrinos with redshift-space distortions journal June 2019
The Zwicky Transient Facility: Surveys and Scheduler journal April 2019
A Strategy for LSST to Unveil a Population of Kilonovae without Gravitational-wave Triggers journal May 2019
Models and Simulations for the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time Series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC) journal July 2019
The impact of AGN feedback on galaxy intrinsic alignments in the Horizon simulations journal January 2020
A nulling strategy for modelling lensing convergence in cones with large deviation theory journal January 2020
Mergers of black hole–neutron star binaries and rates of associated electromagnetic counterparts journal April 2019
Detecting baryon acoustic oscillations in dark matter from kinematic weak lensing surveys journal May 2019
Identification of Young Stellar Object candidates in the Gaia DR2 x AllWISE catalogue with machine learning methods journal May 2019
The stellar halo of isolated central galaxies in the Hyper Suprime-Cam imaging survey journal May 2019
On the relative bias of void tracers in the Dark Energy Survey journal May 2019
Robust identification of active galactic nuclei through HST optical variability in GOODS-S: comparison with the X-ray and mid-IR-selected samples★ journal May 2019
Searching for fast extragalactic X-ray transients in Chandra surveys journal June 2019
A rogues gallery of Andromeda’s dwarf galaxies – II. Precise distances to 17 faint satellites journal July 2019
Photometric redshifts for X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei in the eROSITA era journal August 2019
possis: predicting spectra, light curves, and polarization for multidimensional models of supernovae and kilonovae journal September 2019
Deep-CEE I: fishing for galaxy clusters with deep neural nets journal October 2019
The PAU Survey: background light estimation with deep learning techniques journal November 2019
Estimating redshift distributions using hierarchical logistic Gaussian processes journal November 2019
Characterizing the i-band variability of YSOs over six orders of magnitude in time-scale journal December 2019
A geometric probe of cosmology – I. Gravitational lensing time delays and quasar reverberation mapping journal December 2019
Galaxy morphology prediction using Capsule Networks journal April 2019
The insignificance of Seyfert 2 activity in driving cold-gas galactic winds journal April 2019
On the dissection of degenerate cosmologies with machine learning journal April 2019
Second data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program journal October 2019
Unequal time correlators and the Zel’dovich approximation journal July 2019
Painting halos from cosmic density fields of dark matter with physically motivated neural networks journal August 2019
Screened fifth forces in parity-breaking correlation functions journal September 2019
Emulators for the nonlinear matter power spectrum beyond Λ CDM journal December 2019
Automatic selection of correlated double sampling timing parameters journal August 2019
Probing the isotropy of cosmic acceleration using different supernova samples journal September 2019
Local Monitoring of Atmospheric Transparency from the NASA MERRA-2 Global Assimilation System journal November 2019
RAPID: Early Classification of Explosive Transients Using Deep Learning text January 2019
Type Ia Supernovae Are Excellent Standard Candles in the Near-infrared text January 2019
The Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structure at Three Loops text January 2019
Current and Future Applications of Reverberation-Mapped Quasars in Cosmology journal December 2019
Identification of RR Lyrae Stars in Multiband, Sparsely Sampled Data from the Dark Energy Survey Using Template Fitting and Random Forest Classification journal June 2019
Marvin: A Tool Kit for Streamlined Access and Visualization of the SDSS-IV MaNGA Data Set journal July 2019
Identification of Stellar Flares Using Differential Evolution Template Optimization journal August 2019
Identification of a Minimoon Fireball journal October 2019
OSSOS. XVIII. Constraining Migration Models with the 2:1 Resonance Using the Outer Solar System Origins Survey journal November 2019
Compact Survey Telescope with a Diameter of 3.6 m journal December 2019
Morphological Star–Galaxy Separation journal January 2020
Steve: A Hierarchical Bayesian Model for Supernova Cosmology journal April 2019
Optimal Search Strategy for Finding Transients in Large-sky Error Regions under Realistic Constraints journal May 2019
Cluster Cosmology Constraints from the 2500 deg 2 SPT-SZ Survey: Inclusion of Weak Gravitational Lensing Data from Magellan and the Hubble Space Telescope journal June 2019
Stingray : A Modern Python Library for Spectral Timing journal August 2019
HSC16aayt: A Slowly Evolving Interacting Transient Rising for More than 100 Days journal September 2019
Hunting for the Dark Matter Wake Induced by the Large Magellanic Cloud journal October 2019
Can Reverberation-measured Quasars Be Used for Cosmology? journal October 2019
Stellar Population and Structural Properties of Dwarf Galaxies and Young Stellar Systems in the M81 Group journal October 2019
Probing the Survival of Planetary Systems in Globular Clusters with Tidal Disruption Events journal October 2019
Progenitors of Type IIb Supernovae. I. Evolutionary Pathways and Rates journal November 2019
The QUEST-La Silla AGN Variability Survey: Selection of AGN Candidates through Optical Variability journal May 2019
OSSOS. XII. Variability Studies of 65 Trans-Neptunian Objects Using the Hyper Suprime-Cam journal September 2019
Asymmetric Mean Metallicity Distribution of the Milky Way’s Disk journal June 2019
Stellar Velocity Dispersion of a Massive Quenching Galaxy at z = 4.01 journal November 2019
Potential Backup Targets for Comet Interceptor journal February 2020
On the dissection of degenerate cosmologies with machine learning text January 2018
Hunting for the Dark Matter Wake Induced by the Large Magellanic Cloud text January 2019
RAPID: Early Classification of Explosive Transients using Deep Learning text January 2019
Identification of RR Lyrae stars in multiband, sparsely-sampled data from the Dark Energy Survey using template fitting and Random Forest classification text January 2019
The Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structure at Three Loops text January 2019
POSSIS: predicting spectra, light curves and polarization for multi-dimensional models of supernovae and kilonovae text January 2019

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