Serum biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of type 1 diabetes

Yi, Lian; Swensen, Adam C.; Qian, Wei-Jun

doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2018.07.009

Serum biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of type 1 diabetes

Journal Article · Thu Nov 01 04:00:00 EDT 2018 · Translational Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2018.07.009· OSTI ID:1503616

Yi, Lian; ;

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) culminates in the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic ß-cells, leading to insufficient production of insulin and development of hyperglycemia. Serum biomarkers including glucose, glycated molecules, c-peptide, and autoantibodies have been well established to diagnose T1D from other subtypes of diabetes. However, these molecules often mark a late stage of the disease when ~90% of the pancreatic insulin-producing ß-cells have already been lost. With the prevalence of T1D increasing worldwide and because of the physical and psychological burden induced by this disease, there is a great need for prognostic biomarkers to predict T1D development or progression. This would allow us to identify individuals at high risk for early prevention and intervention. Therefore, considerable efforts have been dedicated to the understanding of disease etiology and the discovery of novel biomarkers in the last few decades. The advent of high-throughput and sensitive ‘-omics’ technologies for the study of proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites have allowed large scale profiling of protein expression and gene changes in T1D patients relative to disease-free controls. In this review, we briefly discuss the classical diagnostic biomarkers of T1D and mainly focus on the novel biomarkers that are identified as markers of ß-cell destruction and screened with the use of state-of-the-art ‘-omics’ technologies.

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1503616

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-134879

Journal Information:: Translational Research, Journal Name: Translational Research Journal Issue: C Vol. 201; ISSN 1931-5244

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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