Chronology of martian breccia NWA 7034 and the formation of the martian crustal dichotomy

Cassata, William S.; Cohen, Benjamin E.; Mark, Darren F.; Trappitsch, Reto; Crow, Carolyn A.; Wimpenny, Joshua; Lee, Martin R.; Smith, Caroline L.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aap8306

Title: Chronology of martian breccia NWA 7034 and the formation of the martian crustal dichotomy

Journal Article · Wed May 23 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Science Advances

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aap8306· OSTI ID:1502038

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Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division
Scottish Univ., East Kilbride (United Kingdom). Environmental Research Centre; Univ. of Glasgow, Scotland (United Kingdom). School of Geographical and Earth Sciences
Scottish Univ., East Kilbride (United Kingdom). Environmental Research Centre; Univ. of St. Andrews, Scotland (United Kingdom). Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences
Univ. of Glasgow, Scotland (United Kingdom). School of Geographical and Earth Sciences
Univ. of Glasgow, Scotland (United Kingdom). School of Geographical and Earth Sciences; Natural History Museum, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Earth Sciences

Martian meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034 and its paired stones are the only brecciated regolith samples from Mars with compositions that are representative of the average martian crust. These samples therefore provide a unique opportunity to constrain the processes of metamorphism and alteration in the martian crust, which we have investigated via U-Pu/Xe, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar, and U-Th-Sm/He chronometry. U-Pu/Xe ages are comparable to previously reported Sm-Nd and U-Pb ages obtained from NWA 7034 and confirm an ancient (>4.3 billion years) age for the source lithology. After almost 3000 million years (Ma) of quiescence, the source terrain experienced several hundred million years of thermal metamorphism recorded by the K-Ar system that appears to have varied both spatially and temporally. Such protracted metamorphism is consistent with plume-related magmatism and suggests that the source terrain covered an areal extent comparable to plume-fed edifices (hundreds of square kilometers). The retention of such expansive, ancient volcanic terrains in the southern highlands over billions of years suggests that formation of the martian crustal dichotomy, a topographic and geophysical divide between the heavily cratered southern highlands and smoother plains of the northern lowlands, likely predates emplacement of the NWA 7034 source terrain—that is, it formed within the first ~100 Ma of planetary formation.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1502038

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-731792; 883329

Journal Information:: Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 5; ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 27 works

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