Photo Protection of Haematococcus pluvialis Algae by Astaxanthin: Unique Properties of Astaxanthin Deduced by EPR, Optical and Electrochemical Studies

Focsan, A. Ligia; Polyakov, Nikolay; Kispert, Lowell D.

doi:10.3390/antiox6040080

Photo Protection of Haematococcus pluvialis Algae by Astaxanthin: Unique Properties of Astaxanthin Deduced by EPR, Optical and Electrochemical Studies

Journal Article · Sat Oct 21 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Antioxidants

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox6040080· OSTI ID:1499688

Focsan, A. Ligia ^[1]; Polyakov, Nikolay ^[2]; Kispert, Lowell D. ^[3]

Valdosta State Univ., Valdosta, GA (United States); Department of Chemistry, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA
Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk (Russia)
Univ. of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (United States)

The antioxidant astaxanthin is known to accumulate in Haematococcus pluvialis algae under unfavorable environmental conditions for normal cell growth. The accumulated astaxanthin functions as a protective agent against oxidative stress damage, and tolerance to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) is greater in astaxanthin-rich cells. The detailed mechanisms of protection have remained elusive, however, our Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), optical and electrochemical studies on carotenoids suggest that astaxanthin’s efficiency as a protective agent could be related to its ability to form chelate complexes with metals and to be esterified, its inability to aggregate in the ester form, its high oxidation potential and the ability to form proton loss neutral radicals under high illumination in the presence of metal ions. In conclusion, the neutral radical species formed by deprotonation of the radical cations can be very effective quenchers of the excited states of chlorophyll under high irradiation.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). The Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-86ER13465

OSTI ID:: 1499688

Journal Information:: Antioxidants, Journal Name: Antioxidants Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 6; ISSN 2076-3921; ISSN ANTIGE

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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metal chelation
photo protection
proton loss neutral radicals
radical cation
reactive oxygen species

Photo Protection of Haematococcus pluvialis Algae by Astaxanthin: Unique Properties of Astaxanthin Deduced by EPR, Optical and Electrochemical Studies

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