Scaling Properties of the Mean Multiplicity and Pseudorapidity Density in e–+e+, e±+p, p( p ¯ )+p, p+A and A+A(B) Collisions

Lacey, Roy; Liu, Peifeng; Magdy, Niseem; Csanád, Máté; Schweid, Benjamin; Ajitanand, Nuggehalli; Alexander, John; Pak, Robert

doi:10.3390/universe4010022

Scaling Properties of the Mean Multiplicity and Pseudorapidity Density in e^–+e⁺, e^±+p, p( p ¯ )+p, p+A and A+A(B) Collisions

Journal Article · Mon Jan 22 04:00:00 EST 2018 · Universe

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/universe4010022· OSTI ID:1499009

Lacey, Roy ^[1]; Liu, Peifeng ^[2]; Magdy, Niseem ^[2]; Csanád, Máté ^[3]; Schweid, Benjamin ^[2]; Ajitanand, Nuggehalli ^[2]; Alexander, John ^[2]; Pak, Robert ^[4]

Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY (United States)
Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY (United States); Lorand Univ. (Hungary)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

The charged-particle pseudorapidity density ( dN_ch/dη ) for p( p¯ )+p, p+A and A+A(B) collisions and the mean multiplicity < N_ch > for e^– +e⁺, e^±+p , and p( p¯ )+p collisions are studied for a wide range of beam energies ( √s ). Characteristic scaling patterns are observed for both dN_ch/dη and < N_ch > , consistent with a thermal particle production mechanism for the bulk of the soft particles created in all of these systems. The scaling patterns found also validate an essential role for quark participants in these collisions. The measured values for dN_ch/dη and < N_ch > are observed to factorize into contributions that depend on log(√s) and the number of nucleon or quark participant pairs N_pp. Here the quantification of these contributions gives expressions that serve to systematize dN_ch/dη and < N_ch > measurements spanning nearly 4 orders of magnitude in s√ and to predict their values as a function of √s and N_pp.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Syracuse, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP) (SC-26)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-87ER40331

OSTI ID:: 1499009

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 22873427

Journal Information:: Universe, Journal Name: Universe Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 4; ISSN 2218-1997

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (44)

Mean charged hadron multiplicities in high-energy collisions Albini, E.; Capiluppi, P.; Giacomelli, G. Il Nuovo Cimento A, Vol. 32, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02730044	journal	March 1976
A detailed study of vs. E had andm 1,2 at different $$\left( {\sqrt 8 } \right)_{pp} $$ in (pp) interactionsin (pp) interactions Basile, M.; Bonvicini, G.; Romeo, G. Cara Il Nuovo Cimento A, Vol. 67, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02784744	journal	February 1982
Dependence on pseudorapidity and on centrality of charged hadron production in PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt {{{s_{\text{NN}}}}} = 2.76 $ TeV Chatrchyan, S.; Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M. Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2011, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2011)141	journal	August 2011
Observation of long-range, near-side angular correlations in proton-proton collisions at the LHC Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A. Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2010, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2010)091	journal	September 2010
Measurement of multiplicity and momentum spectra in the current and target regions of the Breit frame in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA Breitweg et al., J. The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s100520050630	journal	January 1999
Measurement of multiplicity and momentum spectra in the current and target regions of the Breit frame in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA No authors listed The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s100529900158	journal	November 1999
Multiple production of hadrons at cosmic ray energies (experimental results and theoretical concepts) Feinberg, E. L. Physics Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(72)90001-4	journal	December 1972
Experimental results on strong interactions in the NAL hydrogen bubble chamber Whitmore, J. Physics Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(74)90046-5	journal	May 1974
Evidence of the same multiparticle production mechanism in p−p collisions as in e+e− annihilation Basile, M.; Cara Romeo, G.; Cifarelli, L. Physics Letters B, Vol. 92, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(80)90284-1	journal	May 1980
Scaling violations in multiplicity distributions at 200 and 900 GeV Alner, G. J.; Ansorge, R. E.; Åsman, B. Physics Letters B, Vol. 167, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(86)91304-3	journal	February 1986
Rapidity-gap separation and study of single-diffraction dissociation in pp collisions at 12 and 24 GeV/c Benecke, J.; Blobel, V.; Breitenlohner, P. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 76, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(74)90135-7	journal	July 1974
A study of the general characteristics of proton-antiproton collisions at √s=0.2 to 0.9 TeV Albajar, C.; Albrow, M. G.; Allkofer, O. C. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 335, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(90)90493-W	journal	May 1990
Multiplicity moments in deep inelastic scattering at HERA Chekanov, S.; Derrick, M.; Krakauer, D. Physics Letters B, Vol. 510, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00583-4	journal	June 2001
Evolution of ep fragmentation and multiplicity distributions in the Breit frame Adloff, C.; Aid, S.; Anderson, M. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 504, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0550-3213(97)00585-3	journal	October 1997
Color glass condensate at the LHC: hadron multiplicities in pp, pA and AA collisions Kharzeev, Dmitri; Levin, Eugene; Nardi, Marzia Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 747, Issue 2-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.10.018	journal	January 2005
The hadronic interaction model EPOS Werner, Klaus Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements, Vol. 175-176 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.10.012	journal	January 2008
Wounded quarks and diquarks in heavy ion collisions Bialas, A.; Bzdak, A. Physics Letters B, Vol. 649, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2007.04.014	journal	June 2007
Measurement of the centrality dependence of the charged particle pseudorapidity distribution in lead–lead collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J. Physics Letters B, Vol. 710, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.02.045	journal	April 2012
Observation of long-range, near-side angular correlations in pPb collisions at the LHC Chatrchyan, S.; Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M. Physics Letters B, Vol. 718, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.11.025	journal	January 2013
Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV Abelev, Betty; Adam, Jaroslav; Adamova, Dagmar Physics Letters B, Vol. 719, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2013.01.012	journal	February 2013
Pseudorapidity distribution of charged hadrons in proton–proton collisions at s = 13 TeV Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A. Physics Letters B, Vol. 751 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.10.004	journal	December 2015
Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton–proton collisions at s = 13 TeV Adam, J.; Adamová, D.; Aggarwal, M. M. Physics Letters B, Vol. 753 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.12.030	journal	February 2016
Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in d+Au and p+p collisions at Nouicer, Rachid; Collaboration), (for the PHOBOS; Back, B. B. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 30, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/30/8/075	journal	July 2004
Heavy-ion collisions at the LHC—Last call for predictions Armesto, N.; Borghini, N.; Jeon, S. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 35, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/35/5/054001	journal	April 2008
Review of Particle Physics Nakamura, K. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 37, Issue 7A https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/37/7A/075021	journal	July 2010
Charged-particle multiplicity in proton–proton collisions Grosse-Oetringhaus, Jan Fiete; Reygers, Klaus Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 37, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/37/8/083001	journal	July 2010
On the rise of proton–proton cross-sections at high energies Fagundes, D. A.; Menon, M. J.; Silva, P. V. R. G. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 40, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/40/6/065005	journal	May 2013
Nucleon participants or quark participants? Eremin, S.; Voloshin, S. Physical Review C, Vol. 67, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.67.064905	journal	June 2003
Initial eccentricity fluctuations and their relation to higher-order flow harmonics Lacey, Roy A.; Wei, Rui; Jia, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 83, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.044902	journal	April 2011
Inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow in Au + Au collisions at s N N = 7.7 –39 GeV Adamczyk, L.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M. Physical Review C, Vol. 86, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.86.054908	journal	November 2012
Transverse-Momentum and Pseudorapidity Distributions of Charged Hadrons in p p Collisions at s = 7 TeV Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.022002	journal	July 2010
Centrality Dependence of the Charged-Particle Multiplicity Density at Midrapidity in Pb-Pb Collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV Aamodt, K.; Abrahantes Quintana, A.; Adamová, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.032301	journal	January 2011
Observation of Associated Near-Side and Away-Side Long-Range Correlations in s N N = 5.02 TeV Proton-Lead Collisions with the ATLAS Detector Aad, G.; Abajyan, T.; Abbott, B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.182302	journal	May 2013
Measurement of Long-Range Angular Correlation and Quadrupole Anisotropy of Pions and (Anti)Protons in Central d + Au Collisions at s N N = 200 GeV Adare, A.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N. N. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.192301	journal	May 2015
Measurements of Elliptic and Triangular Flow in High-Multiplicity He 3 + Au Collisions at s N N = 200 GeV Adare, A.; Afanasiev, S.; Aidala, C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.142301	journal	September 2015
Bose-Einstein Correlations of Charged Pion Pairs in A u + A u Collisions at s N N = 200 G e V Adler, S. S.; Afanasiev, S.; Aidala, C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.152302	journal	October 2004
Relating High-Energy Lepton-Hadron, Proton-Nucleus, and Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions through Geometric Scaling Armesto, Néstor; Salgado, Carlos A.; Wiedemann, Urs Achim Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.022002	journal	January 2005
Charged particle multiplicities in A+A and p+p collisions in the constituent quarks framework Nouicer, R. The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0128-z	journal	December 2006
Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=0.9$ and 2.36 TeV with ALICE at LHC Aamodt, K.; Abel, N.; Abeysekara, U. The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 68, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1339-x	journal	June 2010
Measurement of the centrality dependence of the charged-particle pseudorapidity distribution in proton–lead collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{_\text {NN}}} = 5.02$$ s NN = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector Aad, G.; Abajyan, T.; Abbott, B. The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 76, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4002-3	journal	April 2016
Charged-particle multiplicities in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 0.9$$ s = 0.9 to 8 TeV Adam, J.; Adamová, D.; Aggarwal, M. M. The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 77, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4571-1	journal	January 2017
Quark Structure of Hadrons and high Energy Collisions Nyiri, J. International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 18, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X03013612	journal	June 2003
Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions Miller, Michael L.; Reygers, Klaus; Sanders, Stephen J. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 57, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.57.090506.123020	journal	November 2007
Dependence on pseudorapidity and centrality of charged hadron production in PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV Collaboration, Cms HEPData https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.58223.v1	collection	January 2011

Cited By (4)

Glauber Monte Carlo predictions for ultrarelativistic collisions with O 16 Rybczyński, Maciej; Broniowski, Wojciech Physical Review C, Vol. 100, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.100.064912	journal	December 2019
Longitudinal correlations from fluctuating strings in Pb-Pb, p -Pb, and p − p collisions Rohrmoser, Martin; Broniowski, Wojciech Physical Review C, Vol. 101, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.101.014907	journal	January 2020
Azimuthal Harmonics in Small and Large Collision Systems at RHIC Top Energies Adam, J.; Adamczyk, L.; Adams, J. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.122.172301	journal	April 2019
Longitudinal correlations from fluctuating strings in Pb-Pb, p-Pb, and p-p collisions Rohrmoser, Martin; Broniowski, Wojciech arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1909.01702	text	January 2019

Figures / Tables (5)

Similar Records

Charged-particle multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions measured with the PHOBOS detector in Au+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, and p+p collisions at ultrarelativistic energies

Journal Article · Mon Feb 14 23:00:00 EST 2011 · Physical Review. C, Nuclear Physics · OSTI ID:21499437

Scaling of charged particle production in d+Au collisions at {radical}(s{sub NN})=200 GeV

Journal Article · Thu Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2005 · Physical Review. C, Nuclear Physics · OSTI ID:20698961

Related Subjects

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
effective energy
leading particle effect
multiplicity scaling
participant scaling