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Casing-integrity mapping using top-casing electrodes and surface based EM fields

Journal Article · · SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts with Biographies
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [3]
  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  3. GroundMetrics Inc., San Diego, CA (United States)

Wellbore integrity is of paramount importance to subsurface resource extraction, energy storage and hazardous waste disposal. We introduce a simple non-invasive technology for casing integrity screening, based on the continuity of electrical current flow. Applying low frequency current to a wellhead, with a distant return electrode, produces a casing current dependent on the properties and depth extent of the well casing as well as the background formation. These currents in-turn generate surface electrical fields that can be captured in a radial profile and be used to analyze properties of the well casing. Numerical modeling results reveal a strong relation of the electric field to the casing properties and depth extent of the well. A small breakage in the casing produces a profile coincident to a cased well with a completion depth above the break. A corroded patch, where the casing conductivity is reduced, also alters the field profiles and its depth may be estimated by comparing to the profile expected from the well completion diagrams. The electric field profiles are also strongly dependent on background resistivity distributions and on whether the well was drilled using water or oil-based drilling fluids. We validate the proof of concept in a field experiment, where we applied currents at the wellheads of two wells with different casing lengths. The two profiles were similar in appearance but offset in amplitude by more than a factor of 5, consistent with the theoretical analysis as well as the 3D modeling results. These results demonstrate that our proposed approach has promise for mapping the general casing condition without well intervention. This approach can be a practical and effective tool for rapidly screening a number of wells before expensive logging-based technologies are employed for casing inspection in detail.

Research Organization:
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Geothermal Technologies Program (EE-2C)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC04-94AL85000
OSTI ID:
1498488
Report Number(s):
SAND--2018-11310J; 669519
Journal Information:
SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts with Biographies, Journal Name: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts with Biographies Vol. 2018; ISSN 1052-3812
Publisher:
Society of Exploration GeophysicistsCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (5)

SimPEG: An open source framework for simulation and gradient based parameter estimation in geophysical applications journal December 2015
A tetrahedral mesh generation approach for 3D marine controlled-source electromagnetic modeling journal March 2017
Assessment and risk analysis of casing and cement impairment in oil and gas wells in Pennsylvania, 2000-2012 journal June 2014
Effects of well Casing on Potential Field Measurements Using Downhole Current Sources1 journal August 1990
Finite-element analysis for model parameters distributed on a hierarchy of geometric simplices journal May 2017

Cited By (1)

Direct current resistivity with steel-cased wells journal June 2019