Model Resolution Sensitivity of the Simulation of North Atlantic Oscillation Teleconnections to Precipitation Extremes

Mahajan, Salil; Evans, Katherine J.; Branstetter, Marcia L.; Tang, Qi

doi:10.1029/2018JD028594

Title: Model Resolution Sensitivity of the Simulation of North Atlantic Oscillation Teleconnections to Precipitation Extremes

Journal Article · Wed Oct 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD028594· OSTI ID:1497961

^[1];

^[2]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Computational Earth Sciences
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

We evaluate a high-resolution (0.25°), four-member ensemble simulation of the global climate (1979–2005) with the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model v0.3—forced with observed ocean surface temperatures and sea ice extent—for its ability to represent the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) teleconnections to winter precipitation extremes over western Europe. As compared to the low-resolution model (1°), it simulates a stronger impact of NAO on daily precipitation extremes over the western slopes of mountain ranges over southwestern Norway, northwestern United Kingdom, and the Western Balkan states. Precipitation extremes and their linear relationship with NAO are quantified using the generalized extreme value distribution. NAO-dependent large-scale (stratiform) precipitation intensity strengthens in the high-resolution model on seasonal time scales and plays a dominant role during simulated daily precipitation extremes. Improvements in the high-resolution model over these varied-topography regions largely appear to be due to finer resolved scales of motion that amplify NAO-dependent seasonal vertical moisture fluxes and enhance stable condensation. However, the high-resolution model simulates a weaker than observed impact of NAO on extratropical cyclone activity and total precipitable water, generally underperforming the low-resolution model These effects possibly offset the impact of enhanced vertical moisture fluxes on NAO-dependent precipitation extremes in the high-resolution model in these regions. Over the southwestern Iberian peninsula, the high-resolution model underperforms the low-resolution model simulating weaker than observed impact of NAO on precipitation extremes. This appears to be due to the reduction in total precipitable water despite an increase in NAO-dependent extratropical activity there.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; AC05-00OR22725, AC02-06CH11357; AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1497961

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1560470

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-757301; 945092

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 20; ISSN 2169-897X

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 3 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (81)

Exploratory High-Resolution Climate Simulations using the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) Bacmeister, Julio T.; Wehner, Michael F.; Neale, Richard B. Journal of Climate, Vol. 27, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00387.1	journal	May 2014
How does increasing horizontal resolution in a global climate model improve the simulation of aerosol-cloud interactions?: RESOLUTION DEPENDENCE OF AIF Ma, Po-Lun; Rasch, Philip J.; Wang, Minghuai Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064183	journal	June 2015
Parameterization of Convective Precipitation in Mesoscale Numerical Models: A Critical Review Molinari, John; Dudek, Michael Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 120, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<0326:POCPIM>2.0.CO;2	journal	February 1992
Southern Hemisphere Jet Variability in the IPSL GCM at Varying Resolutions Arakelian, Ara; Codron, Francis Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 69, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-12-0119.1	journal	December 2012
The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation without a role for ocean circulation Clement, A.; Bellomo, K.; Murphy, L. N. Science, Vol. 350, Issue 6258 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab3980	journal	October 2015
The influence of synoptic airflow on UK daily precipitation extremes. Part I: Observed spatio-temporal relationships Maraun, Douglas; Osborn, Timothy J.; Rust, Henning W. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 36, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0710-9	journal	December 2009
A New Two-Moment Bulk Stratiform Cloud Microphysics Scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model, Version 3 (CAM3). Part I: Description and Numerical Tests Morrison, Hugh; Gettelman, Andrew Journal of Climate, Vol. 21, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2105.1	journal	August 2008
Precipitation over East Asia simulated by NCAR CAM5 at different horizontal resolutions: PRECIPITATION SIMULATED BY CAM5 Li, Jian; Yu, Rucong; Yuan, Weihua Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014MS000414	journal	May 2015
Understanding the impact of climate change on Northern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclones McDonald, Ruth E. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 37, Issue 7-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0916-x	journal	October 2010
European Climate Extremes and the North Atlantic Oscillation Scaife, Adam A.; Folland, Chris K.; Alexander, Lisa V. Journal of Climate, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1631.1	journal	January 2008
Are climate-related changes to the character of global-mean precipitation predictable? Stephens, Graeme L.; Hu, Yongxiang Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025209	journal	April 2010
On “Field Significance” and the False Discovery Rate Wilks, D. S. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 45, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2404.1	journal	September 2006
Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian climate centre general circulation model Zhang, G. J.; McFarlane, Norman A. Atmosphere-Ocean, Vol. 33, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.1995.9649539	journal	September 1995
The atmospheric hydrologic cycle in the ACME v0.3 model Terai, Christopher R.; Caldwell, Peter M.; Klein, Stephen A. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 50, Issue 9-10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3803-x	journal	July 2017
North American extreme temperature events and related large scale meteorological patterns: a review of statistical methods, dynamics, modeling, and trends Grotjahn, Richard; Black, Robert; Leung, Ruby Climate Dynamics, Vol. 46, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2638-6	journal	May 2015
Constraints on future changes in climate and the hydrologic cycle Allen, Myles R.; Ingram, William J. Nature, Vol. 419, Issue 6903 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01092	journal	September 2002
A New Rossby Wave–Breaking Interpretation of the North Atlantic Oscillation Woollings, Tim; Hoskins, Brian; Blackburn, Mike Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 65, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAS2347.1	journal	February 2008
Annular mode time scales in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report models Gerber, E. P.; Polvani, L. M.; Ancukiewicz, D. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 35, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035712	journal	January 2008
Tropical Precipitation Extremes Rossow, William B.; Mekonnen, Ademe; Pearl, Cindy Journal of Climate, Vol. 26, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00725.1	journal	February 2013
The Influence of Large-Scale Climate Variability on Winter Maximum Daily Precipitation over North America Zhang, Xuebin; Wang, Jiafeng; Zwiers, Francis W. Journal of Climate, Vol. 23, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3249.1	journal	June 2010
Are band-pass variance statistics useful measures of storm track activity? Re-examining storm track variability associated with the NAO using multiple storm track measures Chang, Edmund K. M. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 33, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0532-9	journal	February 2009
A spectral transform dynamical core option within the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM4) Evans, Katherine J.; Mahajan, Salil; Branstetter, Marcia Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014MS000329	journal	September 2014
Simulated Climate and Climate Change in the GFDL CM2.5 High-Resolution Coupled Climate Model Delworth, Thomas L.; Rosati, Anthony; Anderson, Whit Journal of Climate, Vol. 25, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00316.1	journal	April 2012
The role of horizontal resolution in simulating drivers of the global hydrological cycle Demory, Marie-Estelle; Vidale, Pier Luigi; Roberts, Malcolm J. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 42, Issue 7-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1924-4	journal	September 2013
The effect of horizontal resolution on simulation quality in the Community Atmospheric Model, CAM5.1 Wehner, Michael F.; Reed, Kevin A.; Li, Fuyu Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013MS000276	journal	November 2014
The Value of High-Resolution Met Office Regional Climate Models in the Simulation of Multihourly Precipitation Extremes Chan, Steven C.; Kendon, Elizabeth J.; Fowler, Hayley J. Journal of Climate, Vol. 27, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00723.1	journal	August 2014
Fidelity of Precipitation Extremes in High Resolution Global Climate Simulations Mahajan, Salil; Evans, Katherine J.; Branstetter, Marcia Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 51 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.05.492	journal	January 2015
Robust Responses of the Hydrological Cycle to Global Warming Held, Isaac M.; Soden, Brian J. Journal of Climate, Vol. 19, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3990.1	journal	November 2006
Realism of Rainfall in a Very High-Resolution Regional Climate Model Kendon, Elizabeth J.; Roberts, Nigel M.; Senior, Catherine A. Journal of Climate, Vol. 25, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00562.1	journal	September 2012
Improvement of rainfall simulation on the steep edge of the Tibetan Plateau by using a finite-difference transport scheme in CAM5 Yu, Rucong; Li, Jian; Zhang, Yi Climate Dynamics, Vol. 45, Issue 9-10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2515-3	journal	February 2015
The impact of ENSO and the NAO on extreme winter precipitation in North America in observations and regional climate models Whan, Kirien; Zwiers, Francis Climate Dynamics, Vol. 48, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3148-x	journal	May 2016
Atmospheric Moisture Budget and Spatial Resolution Dependence of Precipitation Extremes in Aquaplanet Simulations Yang, Qing; Leung, L. Ruby; Rauscher, Sara A. Journal of Climate, Vol. 27, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00468.1	journal	May 2014
Simulation of the Madden- Julian Oscillation and its teleconnections in the ECMWF forecast system Vitart, Frédéric; Molteni, Franco Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 136, Issue 649 https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.623	journal	April 2010
Revolutionizing Climate Modeling with Project Athena: A Multi-Institutional, International Collaboration Kinter, J. L.; Cash, B.; Achuthavarier, D. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 94, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00043.1	journal	February 2013
Estimating Extremes in Transient Climate Change Simulations Kharin, Viatcheslav V.; Zwiers, Francis W. Journal of Climate, Vol. 18, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3320.1	journal	April 2005
A prototype two-decade fully-coupled fine-resolution CCSM simulation McClean, Julie L.; Bader, David C.; Bryan, Frank O. Ocean Modelling, Vol. 39, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.02.011	journal	January 2011
Regional methods for trend detection: Assessing field significance and regional consistency: REGIONAL METHODS FOR TREND DETECTION Renard, B.; Lang, M.; Bois, P. Water Resources Research, Vol. 44, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006268	journal	August 2008
Toward the Dynamical Convergence on the Jet Stream in Aquaplanet AGCMs Lu, Jian; Chen, Gang; Leung, L. Ruby Journal of Climate, Vol. 28, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00761.1	journal	September 2015
Tropical Cyclone Climatology in a 10-km Global Atmospheric GCM: Toward Weather-Resolving Climate Modeling Manganello, Julia V.; Hodges, Kevin I.; Kinter, James L. Journal of Climate, Vol. 25, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00346.1	journal	June 2012
Assessing General Circulation Model Simulations of Atmospheric Teleconnection Patterns Stoner, Anne Marie K.; Hayhoe, Katharine; Wuebbles, Donald J. Journal of Climate, Vol. 22, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2577.1	journal	August 2009
Impact of horizontal resolution on climate model forecasts of tropical precipitation and diabatic heating for the TWP-ICE period Boyle, James; Klein, Stephen A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue D23 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014262	journal	January 2010
Global changes in extreme daily temperature since 1950: CHANGES IN EXTREME DAILY TEMPERATURE Brown, S. J.; Caesar, J.; Ferro, C. A. T. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 113, Issue D5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008091	journal	March 2008
Atmospheric Warming and the Amplification of Precipitation Extremes Allan, Richard P.; Soden, Brian J. Science, Vol. 321, Issue 5895 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1160787	journal	August 2008
Variability of extreme precipitation over Europe and its relationships with teleconnection patterns Casanueva, A.; Rodríguez-Puebla, C.; Frías, M. D. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 18, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-709-2014	journal	January 2014
Atmospheric Low-Frequency Variability and Its Relationship to Midlatitude SST Variability: Studies Using the NCAR Climate System Model* Saravanan, R. Journal of Climate, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1386:ALFVAI>2.0.CO;2	journal	June 1998
Idealized climate change simulations with a high-resolution physical model: HadGEM3-GC2: HadGEM3-GC2 Senior, Catherine A.; Andrews, Timothy; Burton, Chantelle Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015MS000614	journal	May 2016
Impact of horizontal resolution on simulation of precipitation extremes in an aqua-planet version of Community Atmospheric Model (CAM3) Li, Fuyu; Collins, William D.; Wehner, Michael F. Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, Vol. 63, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0870.2011.00544.x	journal	January 2011
Vertical resolution dependence of gravity wave momentum flux simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model Watanabe, S.; Sato, K.; Kawatani, Y. Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1637-2015	journal	January 2015
Simulation and Prediction of Category 4 and 5 Hurricanes in the High-Resolution GFDL HiFLOR Coupled Climate Model Murakami, Hiroyuki; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Underwood, Seth Journal of Climate, Vol. 28, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0216.1	journal	December 2015
A new synoptic scale resolving global climate simulation using the Community Earth System Model Small, R. Justin; Bacmeister, Julio; Bailey, David Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014MS000363	journal	December 2014
Climatology and ENSO-Related Variability of North American Extratropical Cyclone Activity Eichler, Timothy; Higgins, Wayne Journal of Climate, Vol. 19, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3725.1	journal	May 2006
High-Resolution Global Climate Simulations with the ECMWF Model in Project Athena: Experimental Design, Model Climate, and Seasonal Forecast Skill Jung, T.; Miller, M. J.; Palmer, T. N. Journal of Climate, Vol. 25, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00265.1	journal	May 2012
The role of anomalous SST and surface fluxes over the southeastern North Atlantic in the explosive development of windstorm Xynthia: Role of anomalous SST and surface fluxes in development of Xynthia Ludwig, Patrick; Pinto, Joaquim G.; Reyers, Mark Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 140, Issue 682 https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2253	journal	November 2013
Changes in temperature and precipitation extremes in the CMIP5 ensemble Kharin, V. V.; Zwiers, F. W.; Zhang, X. Climatic Change, Vol. 119, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0705-8	journal	February 2013
A stratospheric influence on the winter NAO and North Atlantic surface climate: NAO AND THE STRATOSPHERE Scaife, Adam A.; Knight, Jeff R.; Vallis, Geoff K. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023226	journal	September 2005
Added value of high resolution models in simulating global precipitation characteristics: Improvement of precipitation simulation in high resolution models Zhang, Lixia; Wu, Peili; Zhou, Tianjun Atmospheric Science Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.715	journal	December 2016
Zonal-Eddy Dynamics of the North Atlantic Oscillation DeWeaver, Eric; Nigam, Sumant Journal of Climate, Vol. 13, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3893:ZEDOTN>2.0.CO;2	journal	November 2000
Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional Temperatures and Precipitation Hurrell, J. W. Science, Vol. 269, Issue 5224 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5224.676	journal	August 1995
Quantifying the Relevance of Cyclones for Precipitation Extremes Pfahl, Stephan; Wernli, Heini Journal of Climate, Vol. 25, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00705.1	journal	October 2012
The resolution sensitivity of the South Asian monsoon and Indo-Pacific in a global 0.35° AGCM Johnson, Stephanie J.; Levine, Richard C.; Turner, Andrew G. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 46, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2614-1	journal	May 2015
Extratropical cyclone classification and its use in climate studies: CLASSIFYING EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES Catto, J. L. Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 54, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RG000519	journal	June 2016
Rainfall From Resolved Rather Than Parameterized Processes Better Represents the Present‐Day and Climate Change Response of Moderate Rates in the Community Atmosphere Model Kooperman, Gabriel J.; Pritchard, Michael S.; O'Brien, Travis A. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017MS001188	journal	April 2018
Resolution dependence of precipitation statistical fidelity in hindcast simulations: ILIAD SIMULATIONS OF PRECIPITATION O'Brien, Travis A.; Collins, William D.; Kashinath, Karthik Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016MS000671	journal	June 2016
Low-Frequency North Atlantic Climate Variability in the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble Kim, Who M.; Yeager, Stephen; Chang, Ping Journal of Climate, Vol. 31, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0193.1	journal	January 2018
Decadal Relationship between European Blocking and the North Atlantic Oscillation during 1978–2011. Part I: Atlantic Conditions Luo, Dehai; Yao, Yao; Dai, Aiguo Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 72, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-14-0039.1	journal	March 2015
The effect of time steps and time-scales on parametrization suites Williamson, David L. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 139, Issue 671 https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.1992	journal	August 2012
On the Zonal Structure of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Annular Modes Gerber, Edwin P.; Vallis, Geoffrey K. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 66, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JAS2682.1	journal	February 2009
Storm track sensitivity to sea surface temperature resolution in a regional atmosphere model Woollings, Tim; Hoskins, Brian; Blackburn, Mike Climate Dynamics, Vol. 35, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0554-3	journal	April 2009
Controlling the Proportion of Falsely Rejected Hypotheses when Conducting Multiple Tests with Climatological Data Ventura, Valérie; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Risbey, James S. Journal of Climate, Vol. 17, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1175/3199.1	journal	November 2004
Storm Tracks and Climate Change Bengtsson, Lennart; Hodges, Kevin I.; Roeckner, Erich Journal of Climate, Vol. 19, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3815.1	journal	August 2006
A multimodel intercomparison of resolution effects on precipitation: simulations and theory Rauscher, Sara A.; O’Brien, Travis A.; Piani, Claudio Climate Dynamics, Vol. 47, Issue 7-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2959-5	journal	February 2016
Improved simulation of extreme precipitation in a high-resolution atmosphere model: EXTREME PRECIPITATION AT HIGH RESOLUTION Kopparla, Pushkar; Fischer, Erich M.; Hannay, Cécile Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL057866	journal	November 2013
An Introduction to Statistical Modeling of Extreme Values Smith, Eric P. Technometrics, Vol. 44, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1198/tech.2002.s73	journal	November 2002
Variability of extreme precipitation over Europe and its relationships with teleconnection patterns Casanueva, A.; Rodríguez-Puebla, C.; Frías, M. D. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, Vol. 10, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-12331-2013	journal	January 2013
Advent of extreme events in predator populations Chaurasia, Sudhanshu Shekhar; Verma, Umesh Kumar; Sinha, Sudeshna Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67517-1	journal	June 2020
Scientific, societal and pedagogical approaches to tackle the impact of climate change on marine pollution Alves, Tiago M.; Kokinou, Eleni; Ekström, Marie Scientific Reports, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82421-y	journal	February 2021
Controlling the Proportion of Falsely Rejected Hypotheses when Conducting Multiple Tests with Climatological Data Ventura, Valerie; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Risbey, James S. Carnegie Mellon University https://doi.org/10.1184/r1/6586526	text	January 2012
Impact of horizontal resolution on simulation of precipitation extremes in an aqua-planet version of Community Atmospheric Model (CAM3) Li, Fuyu; Collins, William D.; Wehner, Michael F. Tellus A https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v63i5.15882	journal	October 2011
Controlling the Proportion of Falsely Rejected Hypotheses when Conducting Multiple Tests with Climatological Data Ventura, Valerie; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Risbey, James S. Carnegie Mellon University https://doi.org/10.1184/r1/6586526.v1	text	January 2012
Quantifying the Relevance of Cyclones for Precipitation Extremes Pfahl, Stephan; Wernli, Heini ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000057303	text	January 2012
Annular Mode Time Scales in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report Models Gerber, Edwin P.; Polvani, Lorenzo M.; Ancukiewicz, Damian Columbia University https://doi.org/10.7916/d89g5xz8	text	January 2008