A top-down assessment using OMI NO2 suggests an underestimate in the NOx emissions inventory in Seoul, South Korea, during KORUS-AQ

Goldberg, Daniel L.; Saide, Pablo E.; Lamsal, Lok N.; de Foy, Benjamin; Lu, Zifeng; Woo, Jung -Hun; Kim, Younha; Kim, Jinseok; Gao, Meng; Carmichael, Gregory; Streets, David G.

doi:10.5194/acp-19-1801-2019

Title: A top-down assessment using OMI NO₂ suggests an underestimate in the NO_x emissions inventory in Seoul, South Korea, during KORUS-AQ

Journal Article · Fri Feb 08 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1801-2019· OSTI ID:1496825

Goldberg, Daniel L. ^[1];

^[2]; Lamsal, Lok N. ^[3];

^[4]; Lu, Zifeng ^[1]; Woo, Jung -Hun ^[5]; Kim, Younha ^[5]; Kim, Jinseok ^[5];

^[6]; Carmichael, Gregory ^[7]; Streets, David G. ^[1]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Univ. Space Research Assoc., Columbia, MD (United States); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Saint Louis Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States)
Konkuk Univ., Seoul (South Korea)
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States)

Abstract. In this work, we investigate the NO_x emissions inventory inSeoul, South Korea, using a regional ozone monitoring instrument (OMI)NO₂ product derived from the standard NASA product. We first develop a regional OMI NO₂ product by recalculating the air mass factors using a high-resolution (4 km × 4 km) WRF-Chem model simulation, which better captures the NO₂ profile shapes in urban regions. We then apply a model-derived spatial averaging kernel to further downscale the retrieval and account for the subpixel variability. These two modifications yield OMI NO₂ values in the regional product that are1.37 times larger in the Seoul metropolitan region and >2 times larger near substantial point sources. These two modifications also yield an OMINO₂ product that is in better agreement with the PandoraNO₂ spectrometer measurements acquired during the South Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field campaign.NO_x emissions are then derived for the Seoul metropolitan area during the KORUS-AQ field campaign using a top-down approach with the standard and regional NASA OMI NO₂ products. We first apply the top-down approach to a model simulation to ensure that the method is appropriate: the WRF-Chem simulation utilizing the bottom-up emissions inventory yields a NO_x emissions rate of 227±94 kt yr^–1, while the bottom-up inventory itself within a 40 km radius of Seoul yields a NO_x emissions rate of198 kt yr^–1. Using the top-down approach on the regional OMINO₂ product, we derive the NO_x emissions rate from Seoul to be 484±201 kt yr^–1, and a 353±146 kt yr^–1NO_x emissions rate using the standard NASA OMI NO₂product. This suggests an underestimate of 53 % and 36 % in the bottom-up inventory using the regional and standard NASA OMI NO₂products respectively. To supplement this finding, we compare theNO₂ and NO_y simulated by WRF-Chem to observations of the same quantity acquired by aircraft and find a model underestimate.When NO_x emissions in the WRF-Chem model are increased by a factor of 2.13 in the Seoul metropolitan area, there is better agreement with KORUS-AQ aircraft observations and the recalculated OMI NO₂tropospheric columns. Finally, we show that by using a WRF-Chem simulation with an updated emissions inventory to recalculate the air mass factor (AMF),there are small differences (~8 %) in OMI NO₂ compared tousing the original WRF-Chem simulation to derive the AMF. This suggests that changes in model resolution have a larger effect on the AMF calculation than modifications to the South Korean emissions inventory. Furthermore the current work is focused on South Korea using OMI, the methodology developed in this work can be applied to other world regions using TROPOMI and future satellite datasets (e.g., GEMS and TEMPO) to produce high-quality region-specific top-down NO_x emissions estimates.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1496825

Journal Information:: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online), Vol. 19, Issue 3; ISSN 1680-7324

Publisher:: European Geosciences UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 52 works

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Fine-Scale Columnar and Surface NOx Concentrations over South Korea: Comparison of Surface Monitors, TROPOMI, CMAQ and CAPSS Inventory Kim, Hyun Cheol; Kim, Soontae; Lee, Sang-Hyun Atmosphere, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010101	journal	January 2020
Detection of Strong NOX Emissions from Fine-scale Reconstruction of the OMI Tropospheric NO2 Product Lee, Jae-Hyeong; Lee, Sang-Hyun; Kim, Hyun Cheol Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11161861	journal	August 2019
A methodology to constrain carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants using satellite observations of co-emitted nitrogen dioxide Liu, Fei; Duncan, Bryan N.; Krotkov, Nickolay A. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-99-2020	journal	January 2020
Underestimation of column NO₂ amounts from the OMI satellite compared to diurnally varying ground-based retrievals from multiple PANDORA spectrometer instruments Herman, Jay; Abuhassan, Nader; Kim, Jhoon Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5593-2019	journal	January 2019
Assessment of NO₂ observations during DISCOVER-AQ and KORUS-AQ field campaigns Choi, Sungyeon; Lamsal, Lok N.; Follette-Cook, Melanie Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2523-2020	journal	January 2020
Diurnal variation of aerosol optical depth and PM_2.5 in South Korea: a synthesis from AERONET, satellite (GOCI), KORUS-AQ observation, and the WRF-Chem model Lennartson, Elizabeth M.; Wang, Jun; Gu, Juping Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15125-2018	journal	January 2018

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