Drought impacts on tree phloem: from cell-level responses to ecological significance

Salmon, Yann; Dietrich, Lars; Sevanto, Sanna; Hölttä, Teemu; Dannoura, Masako; Epron, Daniel; Ryan, ed., Michael

doi:10.1093/treephys/tpy153

Title: Drought impacts on tree phloem: from cell-level responses to ecological significance

Journal Article · Wed Feb 06 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Tree Physiology (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpy153· OSTI ID:1493637

^[1];

^[2]; Sevanto, Sanna ^[3]; Hölttä, Teemu ^[4]; Dannoura, Masako ^[5];

^[6]; Ryan, ed., Michael

Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Latokartanonkaari 7, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel, Switzerland
Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663 MA 495, Los Alamos, NM, USA
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Latokartanonkaari 7, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Kyoto University, Laboratory of Ecosystem Production and Dynamics, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto, Japan, Kyoto University, Laboratory of Forest Utilization, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, Japan
Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Nancy, France

Abstract On-going climate change is increasing the risk of drought stress across large areas worldwide. Such drought events decrease ecosystem productivity and have been increasingly linked to tree mortality. Understanding how trees respond to water shortage is key to predicting the future of ecosystem functions. Phloem is at the core of the tree functions, moving resources such as non-structural carbohydrates, nutrients, and defence and information molecules across the whole plant. Phloem function and ability to transport resources is tightly controlled by the balance of carbon and water fluxes within the tree. As such, drought is expected to impact phloem function by decreasing the amount of available water and new photoassimilates. Yet, the effect of drought on the phloem has received surprisingly little attention in the last decades. Here we review existing knowledge on drought impacts on phloem transport from loading and unloading processes at cellular level to possible effects on long-distance transport and consequences to ecosystems via ecophysiological feedbacks. We also point to new research frontiers that need to be explored to improve our understanding of phloem function under drought. In particular, we show how phloem transport is affected differently by increasing drought intensity, from no response to a slowdown, and explore how severe drought might actually disrupt the phloem transport enough to threaten tree survival. Because transport of resources affects other organisms interacting with the tree, we also review the ecological consequences of phloem response to drought and especially predatory, mutualistic and competitive relations. Finally, as phloem is the main path for carbon from sources to sink, we show how drought can affect biogeochemical cycles through changes in phloem transport. Overall, existing knowledge is consistent with the hypotheses that phloem response to drought matters for understanding tree and ecosystem function. However, future research on a large range of species and ecosystems is urgently needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the question.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: #20160373ER; 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1493637

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1495172

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-19-20138

Journal Information:: Tree Physiology (Online), Journal Name: Tree Physiology (Online) Vol. 39 Journal Issue: 2; ISSN 1758-4469

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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Cited by: 62 works

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