Quaternary tephra from the Valles caldera in the volcanic field of the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico identified in western Canada

Westgate, John A.; Woldegabriel, Giday; Halls, Henry C.; Bray, Colin J.; Barendregt, Rene; Pearce, Nicholas; Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei; Gorton, Michael; Kelley, Richard E.; Schultz-Fellenz, Emily S.

doi:10.1017/qua.2018.139

Quaternary tephra from the Valles caldera in the volcanic field of the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico identified in western Canada

Journal Article · Thu Dec 27 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Quaternary Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.139· OSTI ID:1495150

^[1]; ^[2]; Halls, Henry C. ^[1]; Bray, Colin J. ^[1]; Barendregt, Rene ^[3]; Pearce, Nicholas ^[4]; Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei ^[5]; Gorton, Michael ^[1]; Kelley, Richard E. ^[2]; ^[2]

Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada). Dept. of Earth Sciences
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta (Canada). Dept. of Geography
Aberystwyth Univ., Wales (United Kingdom). Dept. of Geography and Earth Sciences
U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA (United States)

A fine-grained, up to 3-m-thick tephra bed in southwestern Saskatchewan, herein named Duncairn tephra (Dt), is derived from an early Pleistocene eruption in the Jemez Mountains volcanic field of New Mexico, requiring a trajectory of northward tephra dispersal of ~1500 km. An unusually low CaO content in its glass shards denies a source in the closer Yellowstone and Heise volcanic fields, whereas a Pleistocene tephra bed (LSMt) in the La Sal Mountains of Utah has a very similar glass chemistry to that of the Dt, supporting a more southerly source. Comprehensive characterization of these two distal tephra beds along with samples collected near the Valles caldera in New Mexico, including grain size, mineral assemblage, major- and trace-element composition of glass and minerals, paleomagnetism, and fission-track dating, justify this correlation. Two glass populations each exist in the Dt and LSMt. The proximal correlative of Dt1 is the plinian Tsankawi Pumice and co-ignimbritic ash of the first ignimbrite (Qbt1g) of the 1.24 Ma Tshirege Member of the Bandelier Tuff. Finally, the correlative of Dt2 and LSMt is the co-ignimbritic ash of Qbt2. Mixing of Dt1 and Dt2 probably occurred during northward transport in a jet stream.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1495150

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--18-21041

Journal Information:: Quaternary Research, Journal Name: Quaternary Research Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 91; ISSN 0033-5894

Publisher:: University of Washington - Cambridge University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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58 GEOSCIENCES
Bandelier Tuff
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New Mexico
Saskatchewan
Utah
Valles caldera
fission-track dating
glass
paleomagnetism
tephra
trace elements

Quaternary tephra from the Valles caldera in the volcanic field of the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico identified in western Canada

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References (22)

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