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Towards long-term standardised carbon and greenhouse gas observations for monitoring Europe’s terrestrial ecosystems: A review

Journal Article · · International Agrophysics (Online)
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  1. Thünen Inst. of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee, Braunschweig (Germany)
  2. Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno (Czech Republic). Dept. of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Inst.
  3. Univ. of Helsinki (Finland). Inst. for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/ Physics; Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia, Solsona (Spain)
  4. Univ. of Antwerp, Wilrijk (Belgium). Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO)
  5. French National Inst. for Agricultural Research (INRA), Orleans (France)
  6. Univ. of Liege, (Belgium). TERRA Teaching and Research Centre
  7. Finnish Meteorological Inst., Helsinki (Finland)
  8. National Ecological Observatory Network, Batelle, Boulder, CO (United States)
  9. Trinity College Dublin, Dublin (Ireland). School of Natural Sciences
  10. French National Inst. for Agricultural Research (INRA), Villenave-d'Ornon (France). USRAVE
  11. Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay (France). Ecologie Systématique Evolution; Univ. Paris-Saclay, Paris-Saclay (France). AgroParisTech
  12. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Climate Sciences Dept.
  13. Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia). Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Dept. of Biology, Plant Science, Australian Plant Phenomics Facility
  14. Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland). Inst. of Agricultural Sciences
  15. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE (United States). Research and Development; Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States). Robert B. Daugherty Water for Food Inst. and School of Natural Resources
  16. Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Paterna (Spain)
  17. European Commission, Ispra (Italy). Joint Research Centre, Inst. for Environment and Sustainability
  18. Univ. Toulouse III, Toulouse (France). Centre d’Etudes Spatiales de la BIOsphère (CESBIO)
  19. Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom). School of Geosciences
  20. Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, St. Christophe (Italy)
  21. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Geological Sciences
  22. Thünen Inst. of Forest Ecosystems, Eberswalde (Germany)
  23. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE (United States). Research and Development
  24. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Orléans (France). Inst. des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM); Forschungszentrum Julich (Germany). Inst. for Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3)
  25. Forschungszentrum Julich (Germany). Inst. for Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3)
  26. Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden). Dept. of Ecology
  27. French National Inst. for Agricultural Research (INRA), Champenoux (France). UMR Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières (EEF)
  28. Dresden Univ. of Technology (Germany). Inst. of Hydrology and Meteorology
  29. Univ. of Helsinki (Finland). Inst. for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/ Physics; Suvilumi - Environmental Measurements and Engineering, Helsinki (Finland)
  30. Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) Head Office, Helsinki (Finland)
  31. Zentrum für Agrarmeteorologische Forschung Braunschweig (ZAMF), Braunschweig (Germany)
  32. Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (KIT) (Germany). Inst. of Meteorology and Climate Research – Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU)
  33. French National Inst. for Agricultural Research (INRA) Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Villenave-d’Ornon (France)
  34. Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby (Denmark). Dept. of Environmental Engineering
  35. Univ. de Reims-Champagne Ardenne, Reims (France). Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique GSMA
  36. Univ. of Gothenburg (Sweden). Dept. of Earth Sciences
  37. Lund Univ. (Sweden). Centre for Environmental and Climate Research
  38. French National Inst. for Agricultural Research (INRA), Clermont-Ferrand (France). UREP, Grassland Ecosystem Research Team
  39. Univ. of Helsinki (Finland). Inst. for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/ Physics
  40. Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry, Jena (Germany)
  41. Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry, Jena (Germany); Univ. of Granada (Spain). Dept. of Applied Physics
  42. Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp (Sweden). Southern Sweden Forest Research Center
  43. Lund Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science
  44. Univ. of Liege, (Belgium). AGROBIOCHEM Research Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech
  45. Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry, Jena (Germany); Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona (Spain)
  46. Italian National Research Council, Ercolano (Italy). Inst. for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean ISAFoM
  47. Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland). Inst. of Agricultural Sciences; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi (Kenya). Mazingira Centre
  48. Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Sassari (Italy). Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Natural Ecosystems (IAFES) Division
  49. National Ecological Observatory Network, Batelle, Boulder, CO (United States); Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
  50. Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry, Jena (Germany). Dept. Biogeochemical Integration
  51. Free Univ. of Bolzano, Bolzano (Italy). Faculty of Science and Technology
  52. Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA (United States)
  53. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh (United Kingdom)
  54. Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umea (Sweden). Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management
  55. Univ. College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin (Ireland). UCD School of Biology & Environmental Science, and UCD Earth Inst.
  56. Univ. of Padova, Legnaro (Italy). Dept. of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment – DAFNAE
  57. Univ. of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (Finland). Dept. of Environmental and Biological Sciences
  58. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig (Germany). Dept. Computational Hydrosystems
  59. Univ. of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy). Dept. for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF)
  60. Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno (Czech Republic). Dept. of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Inst.; Inst. of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, Bocni II, Prague (Czech Republic)
  61. Univ. of Granada (Spain). Dept. of Applied Physics, and Dept. of Ecology
  62. Univ. of Goettingen, Göttingen (Germany). Bioclimatology
  63. Norwegian Inst. of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås (Norway)
  64. French National Inst. for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avignon (France). Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes
  65. Univ. of Montreal, Quebec (Canada). Dept. de Géographie
  66. Swiss Federal Inst. for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf (Switzerland). WSL
  67. Univ. of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (Finland). School of Forest Sciences
  68. Univ. Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium)
  69. Univ. of Innsbruck, Innsbruck (Austria). Inst. of Ecology
  70. Univ. of Helsinki (Finland). Inst. for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/ Physics, and Inst. for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/ Forest Sciences
+ Show Author Affiliations
Research infrastructures play a key role in launching a new generation of integrated long-term, geographically distributed observation programmes designed to monitor climate change, better understand its impacts on global ecosystems, and evaluate possible mitigation and adaptation strategies. The pan-European Integrated Carbon Observation System combines carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, N2O, H2O) observations within the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems and oceans. High-precision measurements are obtained using standardised methodologies, are centrally processed and openly available in a traceable and verifiable fashion in combination with detailed metadata. The Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem station network aims to sample climate and land-cover variability across Europe. In addition to GHG flux measurements, a large set of complementary data (including management practices, vegetation and soil characteristics) is collected to support the interpretation, spatial upscaling and modelling of observed ecosystem carbon and GHG dynamics. The applied sampling design was developed and formulated in protocols by the scientific community, representing a trade-off between an ideal dataset and practical feasibility. Finally, the use of open-access, high-quality and multi-level data products by different user communities is crucial for the Integrated Carbon Observation System in order to achieve its scientific potential and societal value.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1494095
Journal Information:
International Agrophysics (Online), Journal Name: International Agrophysics (Online) Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 32; ISSN 2300-8725
Publisher:
SciendoCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (13)

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Climatic controls and ecosystem responses drive the inter-annual variability of the net ecosystem exchange of an alpine meadow journal September 2011
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Cited By (11)

How to measure, report and verify soil carbon change to realize the potential of soil carbon sequestration for atmospheric greenhouse gas removal journal October 2019
Step back from the forest and step up to the Bonn Challenge: How a broad ecological perspective can promote successful landscape restoration journal May 2019
ICOS eddy covariance flux-station site setup: a review text January 2018
CloudRoots: integration of advanced instrumental techniques and process modelling of sub-hourly and sub-kilometre land–atmosphere interactions journal January 2020
A Season of Eddy-Covariance Fluxes Above an Extensive Water Body Based on Observations from a Floating Platform journal December 2019
Assimilation of Earth Observation Data Over Cropland and Grassland Sites into a Simple GPP Model journal March 2019
Towards standardized processing of eddy covariance flux measurements of carbonyl sulfide journal January 2020
Technical note: Interferences of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on methane concentration measurements journal January 2019
Monthly gridded data product of northern wetland methane emissions based on upscaling eddy covariance observations journal January 2019
Monthly gridded data product of northern wetland methane emissions based on upscaling eddy covariance observations text January 2019
Monthly gridded data product of northern wetland methane emissions based on upscaling eddy covariance observations text January 2019

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
GHG exchange
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carbon cycle
observational network
standardised monitoring