Using Stable Carbon Isotopes of Seasonal Ecosystem Respiration to Determine Permafrost Carbon Loss
Abstract
Abstract High latitude warming and permafrost thaw will expose vast stores of deep soil organic carbon (SOC) to decomposition. Thaw also changes water movement causing either wetter or drier soil. The fate of deep SOC under different thaw and moisture conditions is unclear. We measured weekly growing‐season δ 13 C of ecosystem respiration (Recoδ 13 C) across thaw and moisture conditions (Shallow‐Dry; Deep‐Dry; Deep‐Wet) in a soil warming manipulation. Deep SOC loss was inferred from known δ 13 C signatures of plant shoot, root, surface soil, and deep soil respiration. In addition, a 2‐year‐old vegetation removal treatment (No Veg) was used to isolate surface and deep SOC decomposition contributions to Reco. In No Veg, seasonal Recoδ 13 C indicated that deep SOC loss increased as the soil column thawed, while in vegetated areas, root contributions appeared to dominate Reco. The Recoδ 13 C differences between Shallow‐Dry and Deep‐Dry were significant but surprisingly small. This most likely suggests that, under dry conditions, soil warming stimulates root and surface SOC respiration with a negative 13 C signature that opposes the more positive 13 C signal from increased deep SOC respiration. In Deep‐Wet conditions, Recoδ 13 C suggests reduced deep SOC loss butmore »
- Authors:
-
- Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States); Univ. of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX (United States)
- Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States)
- Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States)
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1489548
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1490761
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725; 259256; DE‐SC0014085; DE‐SC0006982
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 124; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-8953
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; permafrost; carbon; thaw; warming; isotope partitioning; respiration
Citation Formats
Mauritz, M., Celis, G., Ebert, C., Hutchings, J., Ledman, J., Natali, S. M., Pegoraro, E., Salmon, V. G., Schädel, C., Taylor, M., and Schuur, E. A. G. Using Stable Carbon Isotopes of Seasonal Ecosystem Respiration to Determine Permafrost Carbon Loss. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1029/2018JG004619.
Mauritz, M., Celis, G., Ebert, C., Hutchings, J., Ledman, J., Natali, S. M., Pegoraro, E., Salmon, V. G., Schädel, C., Taylor, M., & Schuur, E. A. G. Using Stable Carbon Isotopes of Seasonal Ecosystem Respiration to Determine Permafrost Carbon Loss. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004619
Mauritz, M., Celis, G., Ebert, C., Hutchings, J., Ledman, J., Natali, S. M., Pegoraro, E., Salmon, V. G., Schädel, C., Taylor, M., and Schuur, E. A. G. 2018.
"Using Stable Carbon Isotopes of Seasonal Ecosystem Respiration to Determine Permafrost Carbon Loss". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004619. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1489548.
@article{osti_1489548,
title = {Using Stable Carbon Isotopes of Seasonal Ecosystem Respiration to Determine Permafrost Carbon Loss},
author = {Mauritz, M. and Celis, G. and Ebert, C. and Hutchings, J. and Ledman, J. and Natali, S. M. and Pegoraro, E. and Salmon, V. G. and Schädel, C. and Taylor, M. and Schuur, E. A. G.},
abstractNote = {Abstract High latitude warming and permafrost thaw will expose vast stores of deep soil organic carbon (SOC) to decomposition. Thaw also changes water movement causing either wetter or drier soil. The fate of deep SOC under different thaw and moisture conditions is unclear. We measured weekly growing‐season δ 13 C of ecosystem respiration (Recoδ 13 C) across thaw and moisture conditions (Shallow‐Dry; Deep‐Dry; Deep‐Wet) in a soil warming manipulation. Deep SOC loss was inferred from known δ 13 C signatures of plant shoot, root, surface soil, and deep soil respiration. In addition, a 2‐year‐old vegetation removal treatment (No Veg) was used to isolate surface and deep SOC decomposition contributions to Reco. In No Veg, seasonal Recoδ 13 C indicated that deep SOC loss increased as the soil column thawed, while in vegetated areas, root contributions appeared to dominate Reco. The Recoδ 13 C differences between Shallow‐Dry and Deep‐Dry were significant but surprisingly small. This most likely suggests that, under dry conditions, soil warming stimulates root and surface SOC respiration with a negative 13 C signature that opposes the more positive 13 C signal from increased deep SOC respiration. In Deep‐Wet conditions, Recoδ 13 C suggests reduced deep SOC loss but could also reflect altered diffusion or methane (CH 4 ) dynamics. Together, these results demonstrate that frequent Recoδ 13 C measurements can detect deep SOC loss and that plants confound the signal. In future studies, soil profile δ 13 C measurements, vegetation removal across thaw gradients, and isotopic effects of CH 4 dynamics could further deconvolute deep SOC loss via surface Reco.},
doi = {10.1029/2018JG004619},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1489548},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences},
issn = {2169-8953},
number = 1,
volume = 124,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Dec 19 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Wed Dec 19 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Temperature sensitivity of organic matter decomposition of permafrost-region soils during laboratory incubations
journal, June 2016
- Bracho, Rosvel; Natali, Susan; Pegoraro, Elaine
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 97
Field information links permafrost carbon to physical vulnerabilities of thawing: C AND N VULERABLITIES OF THAWING
journal, August 2012
- Harden, Jennifer W.; Koven, Charles D.; Ping, Chien-Lu
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 15
Soil moisture effects on the carbon isotope composition of soil respiration
journal, May 2010
- Phillips, Claire L.; Nickerson, Nick; Risk, David
- Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 24, Issue 9
Climate Warming Can Accelerate Carbon Fluxes without Changing Soil Carbon Stocks
journal, February 2017
- Ziegler, Susan E.; Benner, Ronald; Billings, Sharon A.
- Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol. 5
Amino acid production exceeds plant nitrogen demand in Siberian tundra
journal, February 2018
- Wild, Birgit; Alves, Ricardo J. Eloy; Bárta, Jiři
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 3
Global Convergence in the Temperature Sensitivity of Respiration at Ecosystem Level
journal, July 2010
- Mahecha, M. D.; Reichstein, M.; Carvalhais, N.
- Science, Vol. 329, Issue 5993
Tundra soil carbon is vulnerable to rapid microbial decomposition under climate warming
journal, February 2016
- Xue, Kai; M. Yuan, Mengting; J. Shi, Zhou
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 6, Issue 6
The concentration and isotopic abundances of carbon dioxide in rural and marine air
journal, July 1961
- Keeling, Charles D.
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 24, Issue 3-4
Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback
journal, April 2015
- Schuur, E. A. G.; McGuire, A. D.; Schädel, C.
- Nature, Vol. 520, Issue 7546
Decomposition of old organic matter as a result of deeper active layers in a snow depth manipulation experiment
journal, January 2010
- Nowinski, Nicole S.; Taneva, Lina; Trumbore, Susan E.
- Oecologia, Vol. 163, Issue 3
Adding Depth to Our Understanding of Nitrogen Dynamics in Permafrost Soils
journal, August 2018
- Salmon, Verity G.; Schädel, Christina; Bracho, Rosvel
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 123, Issue 8
Controls on ecosystem and root respiration across a permafrost and wetland gradient in interior Alaska
journal, December 2013
- McConnell, Nicole A.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; David McGuire, A.
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 4
Soil CO 2 production in upland tundra where permafrost is thawing
journal, January 2010
- Lee, Hanna; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Vogel, Jason G.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue G1
Permafrost degradation stimulates carbon loss from experimentally warmed tundra
journal, March 2014
- Natali, Susan M.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Webb, Elizabeth E.
- Ecology, Vol. 95, Issue 3
The unseen iceberg: plant roots in arctic tundra
journal, September 2014
- Iversen, Colleen M.; Sloan, Victoria L.; Sullivan, Patrick F.
- New Phytologist, Vol. 205, Issue 1
Response of CO 2 exchange in a tussock tundra ecosystem to permafrost thaw and thermokarst development
journal, January 2009
- Vogel, Jason; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Trucco, Christian
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 114, Issue G4
Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes in a Peat Profile Are Influenced by Early Stage Diagenesis and Changes in Atmospheric CO2 and N Deposition
journal, January 2012
- Esmeijer-Liu, Alice J.; Kürschner, Wolfram M.; Lotter, André F.
- Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, Vol. 223, Issue 5
A pan-Arctic synthesis of CH 4 and CO 2 production from anoxic soil incubations
journal, March 2015
- Treat, Claire C.; Natali, Susan M.; Ernakovich, Jessica
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 21, Issue 7
Experimental Warming Alters Productivity and Isotopic Signatures of Tundra Mosses
journal, May 2015
- Deane-Coe, Kirsten K.; Mauritz, Marguerite; Celis, Gerardo
- Ecosystems, Vol. 18, Issue 6
Root phenology in an Arctic shrub-graminoid community: the effects of long-term warming and herbivore exclusion
journal, June 2016
- Radville, Laura; Post, Eric; Eissenstat, David M.
- Climate Change Responses, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Detecting microbial N-limitation in tussock tundra soil: Implications for Arctic soil organic carbon cycling
journal, December 2012
- Sistla, Seeta A.; Asao, Shinichi; Schimel, Joshua P.
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 55
Tundra ecosystems observed to be CO 2 sources due to differential amplification of the carbon cycle
journal, August 2013
- Belshe, E. F.; Schuur, E. A. G.; Bolker, B. M.
- Ecology Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 10
Experimentally increased nutrient availability at the permafrost thaw front selectively enhances biomass production of deep-rooting subarctic peatland species
journal, July 2017
- Keuper, Frida; Dorrepaal, Ellen; van Bodegom, Peter M.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 23, Issue 10
Physical and ecological changes associated with warming permafrost and thermokarst in Interior Alaska
journal, July 2009
- Osterkamp, T. E.; Jorgenson, M. T.; Schuur, E. A. G.
- Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, Vol. 20, Issue 3
Holocene Carbon Stocks and Carbon Accumulation Rates Altered in Soils Undergoing Permafrost Thaw
journal, November 2011
- Hicks Pries, Caitlin E.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Crummer, K. Grace
- Ecosystems, Vol. 15, Issue 1
The Effects of Permafrost Thaw on Soil Hydrologic, Thermal, and Carbon Dynamics in an Alaskan Peatland
journal, November 2011
- O’Donnell, Jonathan A.; Jorgenson, M. Torre; Harden, Jennifer W.
- Ecosystems, Vol. 15, Issue 2
Fluxes and 13 C isotopic composition of dissolved carbon and pathways of methanogenesis in a fen soil exposed to experimental drought
journal, January 2008
- Knorr, K. -H.; Glaser, B.; Blodau, C.
- Biogeosciences Discussions, Vol. 5, Issue 2
Nitrogen availability increases in a tundra ecosystem during five years of experimental permafrost thaw
journal, February 2016
- Salmon, Verity G.; Soucy, Patrick; Mauritz, Marguerite
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 22, Issue 5
Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization
journal, September 2004
- Mack, Michelle C.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia
- Nature, Vol. 431, Issue 7007
A numerical evaluation of chamber methodologies used in measuring the δ 13 C of soil respiration
journal, September 2009
- Nickerson, Nick; Risk, Dave
- Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 23, Issue 17
Minimising methodological biases to improve the accuracy of partitioning soil respiration using natural abundance 13 C : Methods in partitioning soil respiration using natural abundance
journal, September 2014
- Snell, Helen S. K.; Robinson, David; Midwood, Andrew J.
- Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 28, Issue 21
Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils, streams, and wildfire: an expert assessment
journal, March 2016
- Abbott, Benjamin W.; Jones, Jeremy B.; Schuur, Edward A. G.
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 3
Permafrost thaw and resulting soil moisture changes regulate projected high-latitude CO 2 and CH 4 emissions
journal, September 2015
- Lawrence, D. M.; Koven, C. D.; Swenson, S. C.
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 9
A satellite data driven biophysical modeling approach for estimating northern peatland and tundra CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes
journal, January 2014
- Watts, J. D.; Kimball, J. S.; Parmentier, F. J. W.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 11, Issue 7
The concentration and isotopic abundances of atmospheric carbon dioxide in rural areas
journal, January 1958
- Keeling, Charles D.
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 13, Issue 4
Environmental and physical controls on northern terrestrial methane emissions across permafrost zones
journal, November 2012
- Olefeldt, David; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Crill, Patrick M.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 2
Modeling the impact of wintertime rain events on the thermal regime of permafrost
journal, January 2011
- Westermann, S.; Boike, J.; Langer, M.
- The Cryosphere, Vol. 5, Issue 4
Permafrost thaw and soil moisture driving CO 2 and CH 4 release from upland tundra
journal, March 2015
- Natali, Susan M.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Mauritz, Marguerite
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 120, Issue 3
Carbon isotopes in terrestrial ecosystem pools and CO 2 fluxes
journal, April 2008
- Bowling, David R.; Pataki, Diane E.; Randerson, James T.
- New Phytologist, Vol. 178, Issue 1
The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra
journal, May 2009
- Schuur, Edward A. G.; Vogel, Jason G.; Crummer, Kathryn G.
- Nature, Vol. 459, Issue 7246
Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4
journal, January 2015
- Bates, Douglas; Mächler, Martin; Bolker, Ben
- Journal of Statistical Software, Vol. 67, Issue 1
Pan-Arctic ice-wedge degradation in warming permafrost and its influence on tundra hydrology
journal, March 2016
- Liljedahl, Anna K.; Boike, Julia; Daanen, Ronald P.
- Nature Geoscience, Vol. 9, Issue 4
Carbon Isotope Ratios in Belowground Carbon Cycle Processes
journal, April 2000
- Ehleringer, James R.; Buchmann, Nina; Flanagan, Lawrence B.
- Ecological Applications, Vol. 10, Issue 2
Methane fluxes during the initiation of a large-scale water table manipulation experiment in the Alaskan Arctic tundra: WATER TABLE IMPACTS ON METHANE FLUXES
journal, May 2009
- Zona, D.; Oechel, W. C.; Kochendorfer, J.
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 23, Issue 2
Long-term CO2 production following permafrost thaw
journal, July 2013
- Elberling, Bo; Michelsen, Anders; Schädel, Christina
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 3, Issue 10
A frozen feast: thawing permafrost increases plant-available nitrogen in subarctic peatlands
journal, March 2012
- Keuper, Frida; Bodegom, Peter M.; Dorrepaal, Ellen
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 18, Issue 6
Long-term experimental manipulation of winter snow regime and summer temperature in arctic and alpine tundra
journal, October 1999
- Walker, M. D.; Walker, D. A.; Welker, J. M.
- Hydrological Processes, Vol. 13, Issue 14-15
The long-solved problem of the best-fit straight line: application to isotopic mixing lines
journal, January 2017
- Wehr, Richard; Saleska, Scott R.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 14, Issue 1
Decadal warming causes a consistent and persistent shift from heterotrophic to autotrophic respiration in contrasting permafrost ecosystems
journal, September 2015
- Hicks Pries, Caitlin E.; van Logtestijn, Richard S. P.; Schuur, Edward A. G.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 21, Issue 12
Toward consistency between trends in bottom-up CO 2 emissions and top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity
journal, January 2016
- Newman, Sally; Xu, Xiaomei; Gurney, Kevin R.
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 6
Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps
journal, January 2014
- Hugelius, G.; Strauss, J.; Zubrzycki, S.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 11, Issue 23
A laboratory comparison of two methods used to estimate the isotopic composition of soil δ 13 CO 2 efflux at steady state
journal, August 2008
- Kayler, Zachary E.; Sulzman, Elizabeth W.; Marshall, John D.
- Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 22, Issue 16
Reduction of bias in static closed chamber measurement of δ13C in soil CO2 efflux
journal, January 2010
- Ohlsson, K. E. Anders
- Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 24, Issue 2
Belowground plant biomass allocation in tundra ecosystems and its relationship with temperature
journal, May 2016
- Wang, Peng; Heijmans, Monique M. P. D.; Mommer, Liesje
- Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 5
On the isotopic composition of carbon in soil carbon dioxide
journal, November 1991
- Cerling, Thure E.; Solomon, D. Kip; Quade, Jay
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 55, Issue 11
Isotopic composition of carbon dioxide from a boreal forest fire: Inferring carbon loss from measurements and modeling: ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF CARBON DIOXIDE FROM A BOREAL FOREST FIRE
journal, January 2003
- Schuur, Edward A. G.; Trumbore, Susan E.; Mack, Michelle C.
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 17, Issue 1
Effects of experimental warming of air, soil and permafrost on carbon balance in Alaskan tundra: WARMING OF ALASKAN TUNDRA
journal, February 2011
- Natali, Susan M.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Trucco, Christian
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 17, Issue 3
On the Temperature Dependence of Soil Respiration
journal, June 1994
- Lloyd, J.; Taylor, J. A.
- Functional Ecology, Vol. 8, Issue 3
Sensitivity analysis and quantification of uncertainty for isotopic mixing relationships in carbon cycle research
journal, January 2006
- Zobitz, J. M.; Keener, J. P.; Schnyder, H.
- Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 136, Issue 1-2
Challenges in measuring the δ13C of the soil surface CO2 efflux
journal, December 2010
- Midwood, Andrew J.; Millard, Peter
- Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 25, Issue 1
Physical controls on the isotopic composition of soil-respired CO 2
journal, January 2009
- Nickerson, Nick; Risk, Dave
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 114, Issue G1
Factors Limiting Seasonal Growth and Peak Biomass Accumulation in Eriophorum Vaginatum in Alaskan Tussock Tundra
journal, March 1986
- Shaver, G. R.; Iii, F. Chapin; Gartner, Barbara L.
- The Journal of Ecology, Vol. 74, Issue 1
Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane
journal, September 1999
- Whiticar, Michael J.
- Chemical Geology, Vol. 161, Issue 1-3, p. 291-314
Methane production and oxidation potentials in relation to water table fluctuations in two boreal mires
journal, October 1999
- Kettunen, Anu; Kaitala, Veijo; Lehtinen, Armi
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 31, Issue 12
Circumpolar assessment of permafrost C quality and its vulnerability over time using long-term incubation data
journal, October 2013
- Schädel, Christina; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Bracho, Rosvel
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 20, Issue 2
Plant Species Composition and Productivity following Permafrost Thaw and Thermokarst in Alaskan Tundra
journal, March 2007
- Schuur, Edward A. G.; Crummer, Kathryn G.; Vogel, Jason G.
- Ecosystems, Vol. 10, Issue 2
Seasonal root growth in the arctic tussock tundra
journal, January 1980
- Kummerow, Jochen; Russell, Michael
- Oecologia, Vol. 47, Issue 2
Nonlinear CO 2 flux response to 7 years of experimentally induced permafrost thaw
journal, March 2017
- Mauritz, Marguerite; Bracho, Rosvel; Celis, Gerardo
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 23, Issue 9
Long-term warming effects on root morphology, root mass distribution, and microbial activity in two dry tundra plant communities in northern Sweden
journal, December 2007
- Björk, Robert G.; Majdi, Hooshang; Klemedtsson, Leif
- New Phytologist, Vol. 176, Issue 4
The application and interpretation of Keeling plots in terrestrial carbon cycle research
journal, March 2003
- Pataki, D. E.; Ehleringer, J. R.; Flanagan, L. B.
- Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 17, Issue 1, Article No. 1022
Permafrost soils and carbon cycling
journal, January 2015
- Ping, C. L.; Jastrow, J. D.; Jorgenson, M. T.
- SOIL, Vol. 1, Issue 1
Old soil carbon losses increase with ecosystem respiration in experimentally thawed tundra
journal, October 2015
- Hicks Pries, Caitlin E.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Natali, Susan M.
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 6, Issue 2
Thawing permafrost increases old soil and autotrophic respiration in tundra: Partitioning ecosystem respiration using δ 13 C and ∆ 14 C
journal, November 2012
- Hicks Pries, Caitlin E.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Crummer, Kathryn G.
- Global Change Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 2
Keeling plots are non‐linear in non‐steady state diffusive environments
journal, January 2009
- Nickerson, Nick; Risk, Dave
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 36, Issue 8
Temperature response of soil respiration largely unaltered with experimental warming
journal, November 2016
- Carey, Joanna C.; Tang, Jianwu; Templer, Pamela H.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 48
Identifying the sources and uncertainties of ecosystem respiration in Arctic tussock tundra
journal, August 2014
- Segal, Aliza D.; Sullivan, Patrick F.
- Biogeochemistry, Vol. 121, Issue 3
Comparison of Independent Δ 14 CO 2 Records at Point Barrow, Alaska
journal, January 2013
- Graven, H. D.; Xu, X.; Guilderson, T. P.
- Radiocarbon, Vol. 55, Issue 3
Towards a rain-dominated Arctic
journal, March 2017
- Bintanja, R.; Andry, O.
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 7, Issue 4
The hidden season: growing season is 50% longer below than above ground along an arctic elevation gradient
journal, September 2015
- Blume‐Werry, Gesche; Wilson, Scott D.; Kreyling, Juergen
- New Phytologist, Vol. 209, Issue 3
Increased plant productivity in Alaskan tundra as a result of experimental warming of soil and permafrost: Increased plant productivity in Alaskan tundra
journal, November 2011
- Natali, Susan M.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Rubin, Rachel L.
- Journal of Ecology, Vol. 100, Issue 2
Input of easily available organic C and N stimulates microbial decomposition of soil organic matter in arctic permafrost soil
journal, August 2014
- Wild, Birgit; Schnecker, Jörg; Alves, Ricardo J. Eloy
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 75
Carbon respiration from subsurface peat accelerated by climate warming in the subarctic
journal, July 2009
- Dorrepaal, Ellen; Toet, Sylvia; van Logtestijn, Richard S. P.
- Nature, Vol. 460, Issue 7255
Input of easily available organic C and N stimulates microbial decomposition of soil organic matter in arctic permafrost soil
other, January 2014
- Wild, Birgit; Schnecker, Jörg; Alves, Ricardo J. Eloy
- London : Elsevier Ltd.
Amino acid production exceeds plant nitrogen demand in Siberian tundra
other, January 2018
- Wild, Birgit; Alves, Ricardo J. Eloy; Barta, Jiri
- Bristol : IOP Publishing Ltd.
Fluxes and 13 C isotopic composition of dissolved carbon and pathways of methanogenesis in a fen soil exposed to experimental drought
journal, January 2008
- Knorr, K. -H.; Glaser, B.; Blodau, C.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 5, Issue 5
Permafrost soils and carbon cycling
journal, January 2014
- Ping, C. L.; Jastrow, J. D.; Jorgenson, M. T.
- SOIL Discussions, Vol. 1, Issue 1
Comparison of Independent Δ14CO2 records at Point Barrow, Alaska
journal, January 2013
- Graven, Heather
- Radiocarbon, Vol. 55, Issue 3–4
Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4
text, January 2015
- Douglas, Bates,; Martin, Mächler,; Ben, Bolker,
- ETH Zurich
Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models using lme4
preprint, January 2014
- Bates, Douglas; Mächler, Martin; Bolker, Ben
- arXiv