Declining population trends of European mountain birds
- Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- InForest Jru (CTFC‐CREAF) Solsona Spain, CREAF Bellaterra Spain, CSIC Bellaterra Spain
- British Trust for Ornithology (Scotland) University of Stirling Stirling Scotland
- Italian Common Breeding Bird monitoring programme Parma Italy
- Estudio y seguimiento de aves/SEO/BirdLife C/Melquíades Biencinto Madrid Spain
- Krkonose National Park Vrchlabi Czech Republic
- Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten (DDA) e.V., Geschäftsstelle Münster Germany
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
- The British Trust for Ornithology The Nunnery Norfolk UK
- Catalan Ornithological Institute. Natural History Museum of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Section of Science Nord University Levanger Norway
- Centre d’Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO UMR 7204 Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Trondheim Norway
- Centre d’Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO UMR 7204 Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France, Université Paris‐Sud, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution Orsay France
- Snow and Mountain Research Center of Andorra (CENMA) ‐ Andorran Research Institute (IEA) Sant Julià de Lòria Principality of Andorra
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Sempach Switzerland
- BirdLife Österreich Wien Austria
Mountain areas often hold special species communities, and they are high on the list of conservation concern. Global warming and changes in human land use, such as grazing pressure and afforestation, have been suggested to be major threats for biodiversity in the mountain areas, affecting species abundance and causing distribution shifts towards mountaintops. Population shifts towards poles and mountaintops have been documented in several areas, indicating that climate change is one of the key drivers of species’ distribution changes. Despite the high conservation concern, relatively little is known about the population trends of species in mountain areas due to low accessibility and difficult working conditions. Thanks to the recent improvement of bird monitoring schemes around Europe, we can here report a first account of population trends of 44 bird species from four major European mountain regions: Fennoscandia, UK upland, south‐western (Iberia) and south‐central mountains (Alps), covering 12 countries. Overall, the mountain bird species declined significantly (−7%) during 2002–2014, which is similar to the declining rate in common birds in Europe during the same period. Mountain specialists showed a significant −10% decline in population numbers. The slope for mountain generalists was also negative, but not significantly so. The slopes of specialists and generalists did not differ from each other. Fennoscandian and Iberian populations were on average declining, while in United Kingdom and Alps, trends were nonsignificant. Temperature change or migratory behaviour was not significantly associated with regional population trends of species. Alpine habitats are highly vulnerable to climate change, and this is certainly one of the main drivers of mountain bird population trends. However, observed declines can also be partly linked with local land use practices. More efforts should be undertaken to identify the causes of decline and to increase conservation efforts for these populations.
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- OSTI ID:
- 1485500
- Journal Information:
- Global Change Biology, Journal Name: Global Change Biology Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 25; ISSN 1354-1013
- Publisher:
- Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
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