3D field phase-space control in tokamak plasmas

Park, Jong -Kyu; Jeon, YoungMu; In, Yongkyoon; Ahn, Joon -Wook; Nazikian, Raffi; Park, Gunyoung; Kim, Jaehyun; Lee, HyungHo; Ko, WonHa; Kim, Hyun -Seok; Logan, Nikolas C.; Wang, Zhirui; Feibush, Eliot A.; Menard, Jonathan E.; Zarnstroff, Michael C.

doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0268-8

3D field phase-space control in tokamak plasmas

Journal Article · Mon Sep 10 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Nature Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0268-8· OSTI ID:1485109

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[2]; Ahn, Joon -Wook ^[3]; Nazikian, Raffi ^[1]; Park, Gunyoung ^[2]; Kim, Jaehyun ^[2]; Lee, HyungHo ^[2]; Ko, WonHa ^[2]; Kim, Hyun -Seok ^[2]; Logan, Nikolas C. ^[1]; Wang, Zhirui ^[1]; Feibush, Eliot A. ^[1]; Menard, Jonathan E. ^[1]; ^[1]

Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon (South Korea)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Here, a small relaxation of the axisymmetric magnetic field of a tokamak into a non-axisymmetric three-dimensional (3D) configuration can be effective to control magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, such as edge-localized modes. However, a major challenge to the concept of 3D tokamaks is that there are virtually unlimited possible choices for a 3D magnetic field, and most of them will only destabilize or degrade plasmas by symmetry breaking. Here, we demonstrate the phase-space visualization of the full 3D field-operating windows of a tokamak, which allows us to predict which configurations will maintain high confinement without magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in an entire region of plasmas. We test our approach at the Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) facility, whose 3D coils with many degrees of freedom in the coil space make it unique for this purpose. Our experiments show that only a small subset of coil configurations can accomplish edge-localized mode suppression without terminating the discharge with core magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, as predicted by the perturbative 3D expansion of plasma equilibrium and the optimizing principle of local resonance. The prediction provided excellent guidance, implying that our method can substantially improve the efficiency and fidelity of the 3D optimization process in tokamaks.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466

OSTI ID:: 1485109

Journal Information:: Nature Physics, Journal Name: Nature Physics Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 14; ISSN 1745-2473

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (51)

Small denominators and problems of stability of motion in classical and celestial mechanics Arnold, Vladimir I. Collected Works, p. 306-412 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01742-1_23	book	January 2009
Edge stability and transport control with resonant magnetic perturbations in collisionless tokamak plasmas Evans, Todd E.; Moyer, Richard A.; Burrell, Keith H. Nature Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys312	journal	May 2006
Computation of three-dimensional tokamak and spherical torus equilibria Park, Jong-kyu; Boozer, Allen H.; Glasser, Alan H. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2732170	journal	May 2007
Effect of island overlap on edge localized mode suppression by resonant magnetic perturbations in DIII-D Fenstermacher, M. E.; Evans, T. E.; Osborne, T. H. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2901064	journal	May 2008
Toroidal self-consistent modeling of drift kinetic effects on the resistive wall mode Liu, Yueqiang; Chu, M. S.; Chapman, I. T. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3008045	journal	November 2008
Validation of the linear ideal magnetohydrodynamic model of three-dimensional tokamak equilibria Lanctot, M. J.; Reimerdes, H.; Garofalo, A. M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3335237	journal	March 2010
Plasma transport in stochastic magnetic field caused by vacuum resonant magnetic perturbations at diverted tokamak edge Park, G.; Chang, C. S.; Joseph, I. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3487733	journal	October 2010
The importance of matched poloidal spectra to error field correction in DIII-D Paz-Soldan, C.; Lanctot, M. J.; Logan, N. C. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4886795	journal	July 2014
Theory and simulation of quasilinear transport from external magnetic field perturbations in a DIII-D plasma Waltz, R. E.; Ferraro, N. M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4917473	journal	April 2015
Self-consistent perturbed equilibrium with neoclassical toroidal torque in tokamaks Park, Jong-Kyu; Logan, Nikolas C. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4977898	journal	March 2017
Comparative investigation of ELM control based on toroidal modelling of plasma response to RMP fields Liu, Yueqiang; Kirk, A.; Li, Li Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4978884	journal	May 2017
Impact of toroidal and poloidal mode spectra on the control of non-axisymmetric fields in tokamaks Lanctot, M. J.; Park, J. -K.; Piovesan, P. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4982688	journal	May 2017
The interaction of resonant magnetic perturbations with rotating plasmas Fitzpatrick, R.; Hender, T. C. Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.859863	journal	March 1991
Neoclassical flows and transport in nonaxisymmetric toroidal plasmas Shaing, K. C. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 26, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.864108	journal	January 1983
Small Denominators and Problems of Stability of Motion in Classical and Celestial Mechanics Arnol'd, Vladimir I. Russian Mathematical Surveys, Vol. 18, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1070/RM1963v018n06ABEH001143	journal	December 1963
Error field mode studies on JET, COMPASS-D and DIII-D, and implications for ITER Buttery, R. J.; Benedetti, M. De'; Gates, D. A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 39, Issue 11Y https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/323	journal	November 1999
The KSTAR project: An advanced steady state superconducting tokamak experiment Lee, G. S.; Kim, J.; Hwang, S. M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 40, Issue 3Y https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/40/3Y/319	journal	March 2000
Progress in the ITER Physics Basis Ikeda, K. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 47, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/47/6/E01	journal	June 2007
Stability and dynamics of the edge pedestal in the low collisionality regime: physics mechanisms for steady-state ELM-free operation Snyder, P. B.; Burrell, K. H.; Wilson, H. R. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 47, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/47/8/030	journal	August 2007
RMP ELM suppression in DIII-D plasmas with ITER similar shapes and collisionalities Evans, T. E.; Fenstermacher, M. E.; Moyer, R. A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 48, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/48/2/024002	journal	January 2008
Principal physics developments evaluated in the ITER design review Hawryluk, R. J.; Campbell, D. J.; Janeschitz, G. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/6/065012	journal	May 2009
Error field correction in DIII-D Ohmic plasmas with either handedness Park, Jong-Kyu; Schaffer, Michael J.; La Haye, Robert J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/51/2/023003	journal	January 2011
Role of singular layers in the plasma response to resonant magnetic perturbations Waelbroeck, F. L.; Joseph, I.; Nardon, E. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/52/7/074004	journal	July 2012
Corrigendum: Error field correction in DIII-D Ohmic plasmas with either handedness Park, Jong-Kyu; Schaffer, Michael J.; La Haye, Robert J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/52/8/089501	journal	June 2012
Magnetic-flutter-induced pedestal plasma transport Callen, J. D.; Hegna, C. C.; Cole, A. J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/11/113015	journal	September 2013
Progress on the application of ELM control schemes to ITER scenarios from the non-active phase to DT operation Loarte, A.; Huijsmans, G.; Futatani, S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/54/3/033007	journal	February 2014
Advances in the physics understanding of ELM suppression using resonant magnetic perturbations in DIII-D Wade, M. R.; Nazikian, R.; deGrassie, J. S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/2/023002	journal	January 2015
Extremely low intrinsic non-axisymmetric field in KSTAR and its implications In, Y.; Park, J. K.; Jeon, J. M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/4/043004	journal	March 2015
Enhancement of helium exhaust by resonant magnetic perturbation fields at LHD and TEXTOR Schmitz, O.; Ida, K.; Kobayashi, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/56/10/106011	journal	August 2016
Non-linear modeling of the plasma response to RMPs in ASDEX Upgrade Orain, F.; Hölzl, M.; Viezzer, E. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/57/2/022013	journal	September 2016
MHD-Limits to Plasma Confinement Troyon, F.; Gruber, R.; Saurenmann, H. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 26, Issue 1A https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/26/1A/319	journal	January 1984
Edge localized modes (ELMs) Zohm, H. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 38, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/38/2/001	journal	February 1996
A review of models for ELMs Connor, J. W. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 40, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/40/2/003	journal	February 1998
Nonlinear error-field penetration in low density ohmically heated tokamak plasmas Fitzpatrick, R. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/54/9/094002	journal	August 2012
Enhanced understanding of non-axisymmetric intrinsic and controlled field impacts in tokamaks In, Y.; Park, J. -K.; Jeon, Y. M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa791c	journal	August 2017
Nonambipolar Transport by Trapped Particles in Tokamaks Park, Jong-kyu; Boozer, Allen H.; Menard, Jonathan E. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.065002	journal	February 2009
First Observation of Edge Localized Modes Mitigation with Resonant and Nonresonant Magnetic Perturbations in ASDEX Upgrade Suttrop, W.; Eich, T.; Fuchs, J. C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.225004	journal	June 2011
Observation of Lobes near the X Point in Resonant Magnetic Perturbation Experiments on MAST Kirk, A.; Harrison, J.; Liu, Yueqiang Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.255003	journal	June 2012
Suppression of Edge Localized Modes in High-Confinement KSTAR Plasmas by Nonaxisymmetric Magnetic Perturbations Jeon, Y. M.; Park, J. -K.; Yoon, S. W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.035004	journal	July 2012
Mechanism of Edge Localized Mode Mitigation by Resonant Magnetic Perturbations Bécoulet, M.; Orain, F.; Huijsmans, G. T. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.115001	journal	September 2014
Observation of a Multimode Plasma Response and its Relationship to Density Pumpout and Edge-Localized Mode Suppression Paz-Soldan, C.; Nazikian, R.; Haskey, S. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.105001	journal	March 2015
Pedestal Bifurcation and Resonant Field Penetration at the Threshold of Edge-Localized Mode Suppression in the DIII-D Tokamak Nazikian, R.; Paz-Soldan, C.; Callen, J. D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.105002	journal	March 2015
Three-Dimensional Drift Kinetic Response of High- β Plasmas in the DIII-D Tokamak Wang, Z. R.; Lanctot, M. J.; Liu, Y. Q. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.145005	journal	April 2015
Nonlinear Interaction of Edge-Localized Modes and Turbulent Eddies in Toroidal Plasma under n = 1 Magnetic Perturbation Lee, Jaehyun; Yun, Gunsu S.; Choi, Minjun J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.075001	journal	August 2016
Nonlinear Transition from Mitigation to Suppression of the Edge Localized Mode with Resonant Magnetic Perturbations in the EAST Tokamak Sun, Y.; Liang, Y.; Liu, Y. Q. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.115001	journal	September 2016
Error Field Amplification and Rotation Damping in Tokamak Plasmas Boozer, Allen H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5059	journal	May 2001
Suppression of Large Edge-Localized Modes in High-Confinement DIII-D Plasmas with a Stochastic Magnetic Boundary Evans, T. E.; Moyer, R. A.; Thomas, P. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.235003	journal	June 2004
Active Control of Type-I Edge-Localized Modes with n = 1 Perturbation Fields in the JET Tokamak Liang, Y.; Koslowski, H. R.; Thomas, P. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.265004	journal	June 2007
Control of Asymmetric Magnetic Perturbations in Tokamaks Park, Jong-kyu; Schaffer, Michael J.; Menard, Jonathan E. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.195003	journal	November 2007
Validation of Toroidal Rotation and Ion Temperature in KSTAR Plasmas Lee, S. G.; H. H., Lee; W. H., Ko Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 69, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.13182/FST15-174	journal	April 2016
Observation of lobes near the X-point in resonant magnetic perturbation experiments on MAST Kirk, A.; Harrison, J.; Liu, Yueqiang arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1202.0160	text	January 2012

Cited By (12)

Boosting magnetic resonance imaging signal-to-noise ratio using magnetic metamaterials Duan, Guangwu; Zhao, Xiaoguang; Anderson, Stephan William Communications Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-019-0135-7	journal	March 2019
Curl-free magnetic fields for stellarator optimization Boozer, Allen H. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5116721	journal	October 2019
The density dependence of edge-localized-mode suppression and pump-out by resonant magnetic perturbations in the DIII-D tokamak Hu, Q. M.; Nazikian, R.; Grierson, B. A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5134767	journal	December 2019
Edge localized mode suppression and plasma response using mixed toroidal harmonic resonant magnetic perturbations in DIII-D Gu, S.; Sun, Y.; Paz-Soldan, C. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aaf5a3	journal	January 2019
The effect of plasma shape and neutral beam mix on the rotation threshold for RMP-ELM suppression Paz-Soldan, C.; Nazikian, R.; Cui, L. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab04c0	journal	March 2019
Tamed stability and transport using controlled non-axisymmetric fields in KSTAR In, Yongkyoon; Jeon, Y. M.; Park, J. -K. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab0975	journal	March 2019
Overview of KSTAR research progress and future plans toward ITER and K-DEMO Park, H. K.; Choi, M. J.; Hong, S. H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab20e2	journal	July 2019
A new criterion for controlling edge localized modes based on a multi-mode plasma response Gu, S.; Wan, B.; Sun, Y. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab4566	journal	October 2019
Test of the ITER-like resonant magnetic perturbation configurations for edge-localized mode crash suppression on KSTAR In, Yongkyoon; Loarte, A.; Lee, H. H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab4631	journal	October 2019
A non-axisymmetric E × B shear inducing toroidally localized turbulence with an applied magnetic perturbation field in EAST Hu, G. H.; Chen, R.; Xu, G. S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab4ebf	journal	November 2019
Deep neural network Grad–Shafranov solver constrained with measured magnetic signals Joung, Semin; Kim, Jaewook; Kwak, Sehyun Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab555f	journal	December 2019
Curl-free magnetic fields for stellarator optimization Boozer, Allen H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.06807	text	January 2019

Similar Records

Tailoring tokamak error fields to control plasma instabilities and transport

Journal Article · Fri Feb 09 19:00:00 EST 2024 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:2310908

Overview of recent progress in 3D field physics in KSTAR

Journal Article · Sun Feb 06 19:00:00 EST 2022 · Journal of the Korean Physical Society · OSTI ID:1880119

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

3D field phase-space control in tokamak plasmas

Citation Formats

References (51)

Cited By (12)

Similar Records

Related Subjects