Energization of the Ring Current by Substorms

Sandhu, J. K.; Rae, I. J.; Freeman, M. P.; Forsyth, C.; Gkioulidou, M.; Reeves, G. D.; Spence, H. E.; Jackman, C. M.; Lam, M. M.

doi:10.1029/2018JA025766

Energization of the Ring Current by Substorms

Journal Article · Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025766· OSTI ID:1484669

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Univ. College London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Space and Climate Physics. Mullard Space Science Lab.
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States). Applied Physics Lab.
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States). Inst. for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space
Univ. of Southampton (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy

The substorm process releases large amounts of energy into the magnetospheric system, although where the energy is transferred to and how it is partitioned remains an open question. In this study, we address whether the substorm process contributes a significant amount of energy to the ring current. The ring current is a highly variable region, and understanding the energization processes provides valuable insight into how substorm-ring current coupling may contribute to the generation of storm conditions and provide a source of energy for wave driving. In order to quantify the energy input into the ring current during the substorm process, we analyze Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment and Helium Oxygen Proton Electron ion flux measurements for H⁺, O⁺, and He⁺. The energy content of the ring current is estimated and binned spatially for L and magnetic local time. The results are combined with an independently derived substorm event list to perform a statistical analysis of variations in the ring current energy content with substorm phase. We show that the ring current energy is significantly higher in the expansion phase compared to the growth phase, with the energy enhancement persisting into the substorm recovery phase. The characteristics of the energy enhancement suggest the injection of energized ions from the tail plasma sheet following substorm onset. The local time variations indicate a loss of energetic H⁺ ions in the afternoon sector, likely due to wave-particle interactions. Overall, we find that the average energy input into the ring current is ~9% of the previously reported energy released during substorms.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (United States); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) (United Kingdom); Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) (United Kingdom); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1484669

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-18-28975

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 123; ISSN 2169-9380

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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The Influence of Substorms on Extreme Rates of Change of the Surface Horizontal Magnetic Field in the United Kingdom Freeman, Mervyn P.; Forsyth, Colin; Rae, I. Jonathan Space Weather, Vol. 17, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018sw002148	journal	June 2019
Contribution of Bursty Bulk Flows to the Global Dipolarization of the Magnetotail During an Isolated Substorm Merkin, V. G.; Panov, E. V.; Sorathia, K. A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA026872	journal	November 2019
How Do Ultra‐Low Frequency Waves Access the Inner Magnetosphere During Geomagnetic Storms? Rae, I. Jonathan; Murphy, Kyle R.; Watt, Clare E. J. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl082395	journal	October 2019
Substorm‐Ring Current Coupling: A Comparison of Isolated and Compound Substorms Sandhu, J. K.; Rae, I. J.; Freeman, M. P. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja026766	journal	August 2019
The Variation of Resonating Magnetospheric Field Lines With Changing Geomagnetic and Solar Wind Conditions Wharton, S. J.; Wright, D. M.; Yeoman, T. K. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja026848	journal	July 2019

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