Highly bioavailable dust-borne iron delivered to the Southern Ocean during glacial periods

Shoenfelt, Elizabeth M.; Winckler, Gisela; Lamy, Frank; Anderson, Robert F.; Bostick, Benjamin C.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1809755115

Title: Highly bioavailable dust-borne iron delivered to the Southern Ocean during glacial periods

Journal Article · Mon Oct 15 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809755115· OSTI ID:1483093

^[1]; Winckler, Gisela ^[1]; Lamy, Frank ^[2]; Anderson, Robert F. ^[1]; Bostick, Benjamin C. ^[3]

Columbia Univ., Palisades, NY (United States); Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
Alfred Wegener Inst., Bremerhaven (Germany)
Columbia Univ., Palisades, NY (United States)

Changes in bioavailable dust-borne iron (Fe) supply to the iron-limited Southern Ocean may influence climate by modulating phytoplankton growth and CO₂ fixation into organic matter that is exported to the deep ocean. The chemical form (speciation) of Fe impacts its bioavailability, and glacial weathering produces highly labile and bioavailable Fe minerals in modern dust sources. However, the speciation of dust-borne Fe reaching the iron-limited Southern Ocean on glacial–interglacial timescales is unknown, and its impact on the bioavailable iron supply over geologic time has not been quantified. Here we use X-ray absorption spectroscopy on subantarctic South Atlantic and South Pacific marine sediments to reconstruct dust-borne Fe speciation over the last glacial cycle, and determine the impact of glacial activity and glaciogenic dust sources on bioavailable Fe supply. We show that the Fe(II) content, as a percentage of total dust-borne Fe, increases from ~5 to 10% in interglacial periods to ~25 to 45% in glacial periods. Consequently, the highly bioavailable Fe(II) flux increases by a factor of ~15 to 20 in glacial periods compared with the current interglacial, whereas the total Fe flux increases only by a factor of ~3 to 5. The change in Fe speciation is dominated by primary Fe(II) silicates characteristic of glaciogenic dust. Furthermore, our results suggest that glacial physical weathering increases the proportion of highly bioavailable Fe(II) in dust that reaches the subantarctic Southern Ocean in glacial periods, which represents a positive feedback between glacial activity and cold glacial temperatures.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division; National Science Foundation (NSF); National Inst. of Environmental Health Sciences

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; AC02-76SF00515; DGE 16-44869; ES010349

OSTI ID:: 1483093

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 115, Issue 44; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: ENGLISH

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Cited by: 42 works

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