Photocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis Methods of Nitrogen Reduction for Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis

Ithisuphalap, Kemakorn; Zhang, Hanguang; Guo, Lin; Yang, Qingui; Yang, Haipeng; Wu, Gang

doi:10.1002/smtd.201800352

Photocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis Methods of Nitrogen Reduction for Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis

Journal Article · Mon Nov 12 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Small Methods

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201800352· OSTI ID:1481801

Ithisuphalap, Kemakorn ^[1]; Zhang, Hanguang ^[1]; Guo, Lin ^[1]; Yang, Qingui ^[2]; Yang, Haipeng ^[2]; ^[1]

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China

Abstract

Ammonia (NH ₃ ) is one of the essential chemicals as a fertilizer and as a starting reagent for various chemicals with a production expectation of 200 million tonnes for 2018. With the development of renewable energy technologies such as hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen also has emerged as an innovative clean energy source. Ammonia is a suitable hydrogen fuel carrier since a molecule of ammonia can carry up to three atoms of hydrogen. Recently, photochemical synthesis via nitrogen reduction has gained considerable attention as a sustainable method for the production of ammonia. The performance of the photoreduction of nitrogen lies in the developments of the photocatalysts and photoelectrocatalysts. Therefore, it is essential to understand the fundamentals of nitrogen reduction processes along with apprehending the challenges that limit the progress of catalysts. In this review, the basic understanding of photoreduction of nitrogen is highlighted, emphasizing on the challenges and effective methods to control defects, structures, and morphologies of materials for the catalyst development. The methods for ammonia detection and uncertainties in calculating the efficiency of the photochemical process are also addressed.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1481801

Journal Information:: Small Methods, Journal Name: Small Methods Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 3; ISSN 2366-9608

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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