Two-temperature GRRMHD Simulations of M87

Ryan, Benjamin R.; Ressler, Sean M.; Dolence, Joshua C.; Gammie, Charles; Quataert, Eliot

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aad73a

Two-temperature GRRMHD Simulations of M87

Journal Article · Fri Sep 07 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad73a· OSTI ID:1479992

^[1]; ^[2]; Dolence, Joshua C. ^[1]; ^[3]; ^[2]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy. Dept. of Physics. Theoretical Astrophysics Center
Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States). Dept. of Astronomy. Dept. of Physics

Here, we present axisymmetric two-temperature general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the inner region of the accretion flow onto the supermassive black hole M87. We address uncertainties from previous modeling efforts through inclusion of models for (1) self-consistent dissipative and Coulomb electron heating (2) radiation transport (3) frequency-dependent synchrotron emission, self-absorption, and Compton scattering. We adopt a distance D = 16.7 Mpc, an observer angle θ = 20°, and consider black hole masses M/M_⊙ = (3.3 x 10⁹, 6.2 x 10⁹) and spins a_star = (0.5, 0.9375) in a four-simulation suite. For each (M, a_star), we identify the accretion rate that recovers the 230 GHz flux from very long baseline interferometry measurements. We report on disk thermodynamics at these accretion rates (M^·/M^·_Edd ~ 10^-5). The disk remains geometrically thick; cooling does not lead to a thin disk component. While electron heating is dominated by Coulomb rather than dissipation for r ≳ 10GM/c ², the accretion disk remains two-temperature. Radiative cooling of electrons is not negligible, especially for r ≲ 10GM/c ². The Compton y parameter is of order unity. We then compare derived and observed or inferred spectra, millimeter images, and jet powers. Simulations with M/M _⊙ = 3.3 × 10⁹ are in conflict with observations. These simulations produce millimeter images that are too small, while the low-spin simulation also overproduces X-rays. For M/M_⊙ = 6.2 x 10⁹, both simulations agree with constraints on radio/IR/X-ray fluxes and millimeter image sizes. Simulation jet power is a factor 10²–10³ below inferred values, a possible consequence of the modest net magnetic flux in our models.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (United States); National Science Foundation (NSF) (United States); Simons Foundation (United States); Smithsonian Institution (United States); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1479992

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--18-23675

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 864; ISSN 1538-4357

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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The Radiative Efficiency and Spectra of Slowly Accreting Black Holes from Two-temperature GRRMHD Simulations Ryan, Benjamin R.; Ressler, Sean M.; Dolence, Joshua C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 844, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8034	journal	July 2017
General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of the Hard State as a Magnetically-Dominated Accretion Flow Fragile, P. Chris; Meier, David L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0810.1082	text	January 2008
Stability of Relativistic Jets from Rotating, Accreting Black Holes via Fully Three-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations McKinney, Jonathan C.; Blandford, Roger D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0812.1060	text	January 2008
Global Radiation-Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Black Hole Accretion Flow and Outflow: Unified Model of Three States Ohsuga, Ken; Mineshige, Shin; Mori, Masao arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0903.5364	text	January 2009
grmonty: a Monte Carlo Code for Relativistic Radiative Transport Dolence, Joshua C.; Gammie, Charles F.; Moscibrodzka, Monika arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0909.0708	text	January 2009
Monte Carlo simulations of global Compton cooling in inner regions of hot accretion flows Xie, Fu-Guo; Niedzwiecki, Andrzej; Zdziarski, Andrzej A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0909.1069	text	January 2009
Radiative Models of Sgr A* from GRMHD Simulations Moscibrodzka, Monika; Gammie, Charles F.; Dolence, Joshua C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0909.5431	text	January 2009
Fermi Large Area Telescope Gamma-Ray Detection of the Radio Galaxy M87 Collaboration, The Fermi LAT; Abdo, A. A.; Harris, D. E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0910.3565	text	January 2009
Binary Black Hole Mergers in Gaseous Environments: "Binary Bondi" and "Binary Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton" Accretion Farris, Brian D.; Liu, Yuk Tung; Shapiro, Stuart L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0912.2096	text	January 2009
Sagittarius A* Accretion Flow and Black Hole Parameters from General Relativistic Dynamical and Polarized Radiative Modeling Shcherbakov, Roman V.; Penna, Robert F.; McKinney, Jonathan C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1007.4832	text	January 2010
Radially Extended, Stratified, Local Models of Isothermal Disks Guan, Xiaoyue; Gammie, Charles F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1012.3789	text	January 2010
The Black-Hole Mass in M87 from Gemini/NIFS Adaptive Optics Observations Gebhardt, Karl; Adams, Joshua; Richstone, Douglas arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1101.1954	text	January 2011
Pair Production in Low Luminosity Galactic Nuclei Moscibrodzka, Monika; Gammie, Charles F.; Dolence, Joshua C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1104.2042	text	January 2011
Global Structure of Three Distinct Accretion Flows and Outflows around Black Holes through Two-Dimensional Radiation-Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations Ohsuga, Ken; Mineshige, Shin arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1105.5474	text	January 2011
The 2010 very high energy gamma-ray flare & 10 years of multi-wavelength observations of M 87 Collaboration, The H. E. S. S.; Abramowski, A.; Acero, F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1111.5341	text	January 2011
M87 at metre wavelengths: the LOFAR picture de Gasperin, F.; Orru', E.; Murgia, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1210.1346	text	January 2012
Jet Launching Structure Resolved Near the Supermassive Black Hole in M87 Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Fish, Vincent L.; Schenck, David E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1210.6132	text	January 2012
Submillimeter Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in Magnetically Choked Accretion Flows Models of Sgr A* Shcherbakov, Roman V.; McKinney, Jonathan C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1304.7768	text	January 2013
The subarcsecond mid-infrared view of local active galactic nuclei: I. The N- and Q-band imaging atlas Asmus, D.; Hönig, S. F.; Gandhi, P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1310.2770	text	January 2013
Electron Heating by the Ion Cyclotron Instability in Collisionless Accretion Flows. I. Compression-Driven Instabilities and the Electron Heating Mechanism Sironi, Lorenzo; Narayan, Ramesh arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1411.5685	text	January 2014
The central parsecs of M87: jet emission and an elusive accretion disc Prieto, M. A.; Fernández-Ontiveros, J. A.; Markoff, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1508.02302	text	January 2015
An Extension of the Athena++ Code Framework for GRMHD Based on Advanced Riemann Solvers and Staggered-Mesh Constrained Transport White, Christopher J.; Stone, James M.; Gammie, Charles F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1511.00943	text	January 2015
Strongly magnetized accretion discs require poloidal flux Salvesen, Greg; Armitage, Philip J.; Simon, Jacob B. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1602.04810	text	January 2016
Radiative, two-temperature simulations of low luminosity black hole accretion flows in general relativity Sadowski, A.; Wielgus, M.; Narayan, R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1605.03184	text	January 2016
Magnetorotational Turbulence and Dynamo in a Collisionless Plasma Kunz, Matthew W.; Stone, James M.; Quataert, Eliot arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1608.07911	text	January 2016
Kinetic and radiative power from optically thin accretion flows Sadowski, A.; Gaspari, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1701.07033	text	January 2017
Evolving Nonthermal Electrons in Simulations of Black Hole Accretion Chael, Andrew; Narayan, Ramesh; Sadowski, Aleksander arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1704.05092	text	January 2017
The Radiative Efficiency and Spectra of Slowly Accreting Black Holes from Two-Temperature GRRMHD Simulations Ryan, Benjamin R.; Ressler, Sean M.; Dolence, Joshua C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1707.04238	text	January 2017
Constraining the Accretion Rate Onto Sagittarius A* Using Linear Polarization Quataert, Eliot; Gruzinov, Andrei arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0004286	text	January 2000
Chandra X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy of the M87 Jet and Nucleus Wilson, A. S.; Yang, Y. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0112097	text	January 2001
Magnetically Driven Accretion Flows in the Kerr Metric I: Models and Overall Structure De Villiers, Jean-Pierre; Hawley, John F.; Krolik, Julian H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0307260	text	January 2003
The Intrinsic Size of Sagittarius A* from 0.35 cm to 6 cm Bower, Geoffrey C.; Goss, W. M.; Falcke, Heino arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0608004	text	January 2006
Thermal and Non-Thermal Infrared Emission from M87 Shi, Y.; Rieke, G. H.; Hines, D. C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0610494	text	January 2006
Simulating the Emission and Outflows from Accretion Disks Noble, Scott C.; Leung, Po Kin; Gammie, Charles F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0701778	text	January 2007
Advection-Dominated Accretion and the Spectral States of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries: Application to Nova Muscae 1991 Esin, A. A.; McClintock, J. E.; Narayan, R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9705237	text	January 1997
Particle Heating by Alfvenic Turbulence in Hot Accretion Flows Quataert, Eliot arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9710127	text	January 1997

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Two-temperature, Magnetically Arrested Disc simulations of the jet from the supermassive black hole in M87 Chael, Andrew; Narayan, Ramesh; Johnson, Michael D. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 486, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz988	journal	April 2019
Neutrino emission from BL Lac objects: the role of radiatively inefficient accretion flows Righi, C.; Tavecchio, F.; Inoue, S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 483, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/sly231	journal	December 2018
The Event Horizon General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Code Comparison Project Porth, Oliver; Chatterjee, Koushik; Narayan, Ramesh Maryland Shared Open Access Repository https://doi.org/10.13016/m2htjg-wbul	collection	January 2019
Two-Temperature Magnetohydrodynamics Simulations of Propagation of Semi-Relativistic Jets Ohmura, Takumi; Machida, Mami; Nakamura, Kenji Galaxies, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies7010014	journal	January 2019
Electron and Proton Heating in Transrelativistic Guide Field Reconnection Rowan, Michael E.; Sironi, Lorenzo; Narayan, Ramesh The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab03d7	journal	February 2019
A Resolution Study of Magnetically Arrested Disks White, Christopher J.; Stone, James M.; Quataert, Eliot The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab0c0c	journal	April 2019
Radiative Properties of Magnetically Arrested Disks Xie, Fu-Guo; Zdziarski, Andrzej A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5848	journal	December 2019
The Event Horizon General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Code Comparison Project Porth, Oliver; Chatterjee, Koushik; Narayan, Ramesh The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 243, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab29fd	journal	August 2019
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0f43	journal	April 2019
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab1141	journal	April 2019
Neutrino emission from BL Lac objects: the role of radiatively inefficient accretion flows Righi, C.; Tavecchio, F.; Inoue, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.10506	text	January 2018
Electron and Proton Heating in Transrelativistic Guide Field Reconnection Rowan, Michael E.; Sironi, Lorenzo; Narayan, Ramesh arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.05438	text	January 2019
The Event Horizon General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Code Comparison Project Porth, Oliver; Chatterjee, Koushik; Narayan, Ramesh arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.04923	text	January 2019
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring Collaboration, The Event Horizon Telescope arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.11242	text	January 2019

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