Oil spill detection by imaging radars: Challenges and pitfalls

Alpers, Werner; Holt, Benjamin; Zeng, Kan

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2017.09.002

Title: Oil spill detection by imaging radars: Challenges and pitfalls

Journal Article · Mon Sep 18 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Remote Sensing of Environment

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.09.002· OSTI ID:1478758

Alpers, Werner ^[1]; Holt, Benjamin ^[2]; Zeng, Kan ^[3]

Univ. of Hamburg, Hamburg (Germany). Inst. of Oceanography
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
Ocean Univ. of Chna, Qingdao (China). Ocean Remote Sensing Inst.

In this paper, criteria for discriminating between radar signatures of oil films and biogenic slicks visible on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the sea surface as dark patches are critically reviewed. We question the often claimed high success rate of oil spill detection algorithms using single-polarization SARs because the SAR images used to train these algorithms are based usually on subjective interpretation and are not validated by on-site inspections or multi-sensor measurements carried out from oil pollution surveillance planes. Furthermore, we doubt that polarimetric parameters derived from fully-polarimetric SAR data, like entropy, anisotropy, and mean scattering angle, are beneficial for discriminating between mineral oil films and biogenic slicks. We challenge the often-made claim that another scattering mechanism than Bragg scattering applies for radar backscattering from mineral oil films than from biogenic slicks. This view is supported by data acquired by the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) of NASA/JPL, which operates at L-band and has an extremely low noise floor. We suspect that opposing results obtained from previous analyses of spaceborne polarimetric SAR data are caused by the high noise floors of the spaceborne SARs. However, most of the analyzed spaceborne polarimetric data were not acquired at L-band, but at C-and X-band. On the other hand, differences in the statistical behavior of the radar backscattering could be real due to the fact that, other than biogenic surface films, mineral oil films, can form multi-layers, whose thickness can vary within an oil patch. Radar backscattering from emulsion layers can also fluctuate due to variations of the oil/water mixture ratio. These effects could cause an increase of the standard deviation (STD) of the co-polarized phase difference (CPD) for scattering at mineral oil films and emulsions. In the special case of thick oil layers or oil/water emulsion layers, where the radar is sensitive to the dielectric constant of the oil, discrimination becomes possible due the fact that Bragg scattering depends on the dielectric constant of the scattering medium.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 1478758

Journal Information:: Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 201, Issue C; ISSN 0034-4257

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 145 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (70)

Radar signatures of oil films floating on the sea surface and the Marangoni effect Alpers, Werner; Hühnerfuss, Heinrich Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 93, Issue C4 https://doi.org/10.1029/JC093iC04p03642	journal	January 1988
The damping of ocean waves by surface films: A new look at an old problem Alpers, Werner; Hühnerfuss, Heinrich Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 94, Issue C5 https://doi.org/10.1029/JC094iC05p06251	journal	January 1989
A small-scale oceanic eddy off the coast of West Africa studied by multi-sensor satellite and surface drifter data Alpers, Werner; Brandt, Peter; Lazar, Alban Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 129 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.032	journal	February 2013
Rain footprints on C-band synthetic aperture radar images of the ocean - Revisited Alpers, Werner; Zhang, Biao; Mouche, Alexis Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 187 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.10.015	journal	December 2016
Oil spill detection by satellite remote sensing Brekke, Camilla; Solberg, Anne H. S. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 95, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.11.015	journal	March 2005
Classifiers and Confidence Estimation for Oil Spill Detection in ENVISAT ASAR Images Brekke, Camilla; Solberg, Anne H. S. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2007.907174	journal	January 2008
European Maritime Safety Agency Activities in the Mediterranean Sea Carpenter, Angela The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_18	book	January 2016
A review of target decomposition theorems in radar polarimetry Cloude, S. R.; Pottier, E. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 34, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/36.485127	journal	March 1996
An entropy based classification scheme for land applications of polarimetric SAR Cloude, S. R.; Pottier, E. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 35, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/36.551935	journal	January 1997
On the Reconstruction of Quad-Pol SAR Data From Compact Polarimetry Data For Ocean Target Detection Collins, Michael J.; Denbina, Michael; Atteia, Ghada IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2199760	journal	January 2013
Satellite observations of small coastal ocean eddies in the Southern California Bight DiGiacomo, Paul M.; Holt, Benjamin Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 106, Issue C10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000728	journal	October 2001
Coastal pollution hazards in southern California observed by SAR imagery: stormwater plumes, wastewater plumes, and natural hydrocarbon seeps DiGiacomo, Paul M.; Washburn, Libe; Holt, Benjamin Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 49, Issue 11-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.07.016	journal	December 2004
Satellite SAR oil spill detection using wind history information Espedal, H. A. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/014311699213596	journal	January 1999
COASTWATCH'95: ERS 1/2 SAR detection of natural film on the ocean surface Espedal, H. A.; Johannessen, O. M.; Johannessen, J. A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 103, Issue C11 https://doi.org/10.1029/98JC01660	journal	October 1998
Analysis of Evolving Oil Spills in Full-Polarimetric and Hybrid-Polarity SAR Espeseth, Martine M.; Skrunes, Stine; Jones, Cathleen E. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 55, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2690001	journal	July 2017
Radar polarimetry: analysis tools and applications Evans, D. L.; Farr, T. G.; van Zyl, J. J. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 26, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/36.7709	journal	January 1988
SAR raw signal simulation of oil slicks in ocean environments Franceschetti, G.; Iodice, A.; Riccio, D. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 40, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2002.803798	journal	September 2002
Wind wave tank measurements of wave damping and radar cross sections in the presence of monomolecular surface films Gade, Martin; Alpers, Werner; Hühnerfuss, Heinrich Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 103, Issue C2 https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC01578	journal	February 1998
Detection of Floating Oil Anomalies From the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill With Synthetic Aperture Radar Garcia-Pineda, Oscar; MacDonald, Ian; Hu, Chuanmin Oceanography, Vol. 26, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.38	journal	June 2013
Satellite detection of wastewater diversion plumes in Southern California Gierach, Michelle M.; Holt, Benjamin; Trinh, Rebecca Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 186 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.10.012	journal	February 2017
Analysis of Temporal Polarization Phase Difference for Major Crops in India Haldar, Dipanwita; Das, Anup; Yadav, Manoj Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 57 https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERB13111901	journal	January 2014
Wave Breaking in Slicks: Impacts on C-Band Quad-Polarized SAR Measurements Hansen, Morten Wergeland; Kudryavtsev, Vladimir; Chapron, Bertrand IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2587840	journal	November 2016
Stormwater runoff plumes in the Southern California Bight: A comparison study with SAR and MODIS imagery Holt, Benjamin; Trinh, Rebecca; Gierach, Michelle M. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 118, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.040	journal	May 2017
Natural and man-made sea slicks in the North Sea investigated by a helicopter-borne 5-frequency radar scatterometer HÜHnerfuss, H.; Alpersj, W.; Dannhauer, H. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 17, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169608945364	journal	May 1996
Interpreting sea surface slicks on the basis of the normalized radar cross‐section model using RADARSAT‐2 copolarization dual‐channel SAR images Ivonin, D. V.; Skrunes, S.; Brekke, C. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068282	journal	March 2016
A model for non-Rayleigh sea echo Jakeman, E.; Pusey, P. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1976.1141451	journal	November 1976
The effective film viscosity coefficients of a thin floating fluid layer Jenkins, Alastair D.; Dysthe, Kristian B. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 344 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112097006125	journal	August 1997
Wave damping by a thin layer of viscous fluid Jenkins, Alastair D.; Jacobs, Stanley J. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.869240	journal	May 1997
Measurement and modeling of oil slick transport: MEASUREMENT AND MODELING OIL SLICK TRANSPORT Jones, Cathleen E.; Dagestad, Knut-Frode; Breivik, Øyvind Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 121, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012113	journal	October 2016
Spiral eddies in the Baltic, Black and Caspian seas as seen by satellite radar data Karimova, Svetlana Advances in Space Research, Vol. 50, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2011.10.027	journal	October 2012
Detection of the Hebei Spirit oil spill on SAR imagery and its temporal evolution in a coastal region of the Yellow Sea Kim, Tae-Sung; Park, Kyung-Ae; Li, Xiaofeng Advances in Space Research, Vol. 56, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2015.05.040	journal	September 2015
On effect of wave breaking on short wind waves Kudryavtsev, Vladimir Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020619	journal	January 2004
A semiempirical model of the normalized radar cross-section of the sea surface 1. Background model Kudryavtsev, Vladimir Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue C3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JC001003	journal	January 2003
Surfactant-associated bacteria in the near-surface layer of the ocean Kurata, Naoko; Vella, Kate; Hamilton, Bryan Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19123	journal	January 2016
Multi-frequency and polarimetric quantitative analysis of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill event comparing different SAR systems Latini, Daniele; Del Frate, Fabio; Jones, Cathleen E. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 183 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.05.014	journal	September 2016
State of the art satellite and airborne marine oil spill remote sensing: Application to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill Leifer, Ira; Lehr, William J.; Simecek-Beatty, Debra Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 124 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.024	journal	September 2012
Analysis of the Polarimetric SAR Scattering Properties of Oil-Covered Waters Li, Haiyan; Perrie, William; He, Yijun IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2348173	journal	August 2015
Evidence and quantification of the correlation between radar backscatter and ocean colour supported by simultaneously acquired in situ sea truth: CORRELATION BETWEEN RADAR BACKSCATTER AND OCEAN COLOUR Lin, I. -I.; Wen, Liang-Saw; Liu, Kon-Kee Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 29, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014039	journal	May 2002
First evidence for the detection of natural surface films by the QuikSCAT scatterometer: DETECTION OF NATURAL SURFACE FILMS BY QUIKSCAT Lin, I. -I.; Alpers, Werner; Liu, W. Timothy Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017415	journal	July 2003
Natural and unnatural oil slicks in the G ulf of M exico MacDonald, I. R.; Garcia‐Pineda, O.; Beet, A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 120, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011062	journal	December 2015
A Physically Consistent Speckle Model for Marine SLC SAR Images Migliaccio, Maurizio; Ferrara, Giuseppe; Gambardella, Attilio IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, Vol. 32, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2007.903985	journal	January 2007
On the co‐polarized phase difference for oil spill observation Migliaccio, M.; Nunziata, F.; Gambardella, A. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 30, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160802520741	journal	March 2009
A Multifrequency Polarimetric SAR Processing Chain to Observe Oil Fields in the Gulf of Mexico Migliaccio, M.; Nunziata, F.; Montuori, A. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 49, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2158828	journal	December 2011
SAR polarimetry for sea oil slick observation Migliaccio, M.; Nunziata, F.; Buono, A. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 36, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2015.1057301	journal	June 2015
Determining the mixing of oil and sea water using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar: MIXING OF OIL AND SEA WATER Minchew, Brent Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052304	journal	August 2012
Radar scattering of the ocean surface and sea-roughness properties: A combined analysis from dual-polarizations airborne radar observations and models in C band Mouche, Alexis A.; Hauser, Danièle; Kudryavtsev, Vladimir Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue C9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003166	journal	January 2006
Spirals on the sea [Spirals on the sea] Munk, Walter Scientia Marina, Vol. 65, Issue S2 https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2001.65s2193	journal	December 2001
On the Mueller Scattering Matrix for SAR Sea Oil Slick Observation Nunziata, Ferdinando; Gambardella, Attilio; Migliaccio, Maurizio IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2008.2003127	journal	October 2008
Coral-spawn slicks in the Great Barrier Reef: preliminary observations Oliver, J. K.; Willis, B. L. Marine Biology, Vol. 94, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00431398	journal	January 1987
A joint active/passive physical model of sea surface microwave signatures: SEA SURFACE MICROWAVE SIGNATURES Plant, William J.; Irisov, Vladimir Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, Vol. 122, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012749	journal	April 2017
Hybrid-Polarity SAR Architecture Raney, R. K. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 45, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2007.895883	journal	November 2007
Comparing Compact and Quadrature Polarimetric SAR Performance Raney, R. K. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2016.2550863	journal	June 2016
Reflection of electromagnetic waves from slightly rough surfaces Rice, Stephen O. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 4, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1002/cpa.3160040206	journal	August 1951
Sea-surface slick occurrence in the open sea (Mediterranean, Red Sea, Indian Ocean) in relation to wind speed Romano, Jean-Claude Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, Vol. 43, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(96)00024-6	journal	April 1996
Characterization of Marine Surface Slicks by Radarsat-2 Multipolarization Features Skrunes, Stine; Brekke, Camilla; Eltoft, Torbjorn IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 52, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2013.2287916	journal	September 2014
Comparing Near-Coincident C- and X-Band SAR Acquisitions of Marine Oil Spills Skrunes, Stine; Brekke, Camilla; Eltoft, Torbjorn IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 53, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2014.2351417	journal	April 2015
A Multisensor Comparison of Experimental Oil Spills in Polarimetric SAR for High Wind Conditions Skrunes, Stine; Brekke, Camilla; Jones, Cathleen E. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2565063	journal	November 2016
Automatic Estimation of Oil Seep Locations in Synthetic Aperture Radar Images Suresh, Gopika; Melsheimer, Christian; Korber, Jan-Hendrik IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 53, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2393375	journal	August 2015
Upwelling in the Taiwan Strait during the summer monsoon detected by satellite and shipboard measurements Tang, D.; Kester, D.; Ni, I. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 83, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00062-7	journal	December 2002
Relating Polaization Phase Difference of SAR Signals to Scene Properties Ulaby, Fawwaz T.; Held, Daniel; Donson, Myron C. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. GE-25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.1987.289784	journal	January 1987
Statistical properties off the mueller matrix off distributed targets Ulaby, F. T.; Sarabandi, K.; Nashashibi, A. IEE Proceedings F Radar and Signal Processing, Vol. 139, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-f-2.1992.0017	journal	January 1992
Theories for the interaction of electromagnetic and oceanic waves ? A review Valenzuela, Gaspar R. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 13, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00913863	journal	January 1978
Imaging radar polarization signatures: Theory and observation van Zyl, Jakob J.; Zebker, Howard A.; Elachi, Charles Radio Science, Vol. 22, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/RS022i004p00529	journal	July 1987
Dual-Polarized TerraSAR-X Data for Oil-Spill Observation Velotto, D.; Migliaccio, M.; Nunziata, F. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 49, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2162960	journal	December 2011
Synthetic aperture radar detection and characteristic analysis of cyanobacterial scum in Lake Taihu Wang, Ganlin; Li, Junsheng; Zhang, Bing Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.11.012006	journal	January 2017
Formation and global distribution of sea-surface microlayers Wurl, O.; Wurl, E.; Miller, L. Biogeosciences, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-121-2011	journal	January 2011
Biofilm-like properties of the sea surface and predicted effects on air–sea CO2 exchange Wurl, Oliver; Stolle, Christian; Van Thuoc, Chu Progress in Oceanography, Vol. 144 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2016.03.002	journal	May 2016
Imaging radar polarimetry: a review Zebker, H. A.; Van Zyl, J. J. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 79, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1109/5.118982	journal	January 1991
Mapping sea surface oil slicks using RADARSAT-2 quad-polarization SAR image: MAPPING OIL SLICKS BY QUAD-POLARIZED SAR Zhang, Biao; Perrie, William; Li, Xiaofeng Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 38, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047013	journal	May 2011
Surfactant production by marine phytoplankton Ẑutić, Vera; Ćosović, Boẑena; Marčenko, Elena Marine Chemistry, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(81)90004-9	journal	December 1981

Cited By (14)

The ASI Integrated Sounder-SAR System Operating in the UHF-VHF Bands: First Results of the 2018 Helicopter-Borne Morocco Desert Campaign Perna, Stefano; Alberti, Giovanni; Berardino, Paolo Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11161845	journal	August 2019
COSMO–SkyMed Synthetic Aperture Radar Data to Observe the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Nunziata, Ferdinando; Buono, Andrea; Migliaccio, Maurizio Sustainability, Vol. 10, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103599	journal	October 2018
Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing of Operational Platform Produced Water Releases Skrunes, Stine; Johansson, A. Malin; Brekke, Camilla Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232882	journal	December 2019
Tracking an Oil Tanker Collision and Spilled Oils in the East China Sea Using Multisensor Day and Night Satellite Imagery Sun, Shaojie; Lu, Yingcheng; Liu, Yongxue Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/2018gl077433	journal	April 2018
Protecting oceans from illicit oil spills: environment control and remote sensing using spaceborne imaging radars Sankaran, Krishnaswamy Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 33, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2019.1685409	journal	November 2019
On the analysis of a time series of X–band TerraSAR–X SAR imagery over oil seepages Nunziata, F.; de Macedo, C. R.; Buono, A. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 40, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1547933	journal	November 2018
Integration of Automatic Identification System (AIS) Data and Single-Channel Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images by SAR-Based Ship Velocity Estimation for Maritime Situational Awareness Graziano, Maria Daniela; Renga, Alfredo; Moccia, Antonio Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192196	journal	September 2019
On-site visualized classification of transparent hazards and noxious substances on a water surface by multispectral techniques Huang, Haocai; Liu, Shuchang; Wang, Chao Applied Optics, Vol. 58, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.58.004458	journal	January 2019
Spaceborne radar remote sensing of ocean surfaces: electromagnetic modelling and applications Sankaran, Krishnaswamy Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 34, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2019.1696237	journal	December 2019
Multi-Feature Based Ocean Oil Spill Detection for Polarimetric SAR Data Using Random Forest and the Self-Similarity Parameter Tong, Shengwu; Liu, Xiuguo; Chen, Qihao Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11040451	journal	February 2019
Marine Oil Slicks Quantification From L-band Dual-Polarization SAR Imagery Boisot, Olivier; Angelliaume, Sebastien; Guerin, Charles-Antoine IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 57, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2018.2872080	journal	April 2019
Dependence of the noise level estimates supplied with TerraSAR-X data on the used preprocessor version Ivonin, D. V.; Ivanov, A. Yu. Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.21046/2070-7401-2019-16-2-45-50	journal	January 2019
Large-Scale Detection and Categorization of Oil Spills from SAR Images with Deep Learning Bianchi, Filippo Maria; Espeseth, Martine M.; Borch, Njål Remote Sensing, Vol. 12, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12142260	journal	July 2020
Bilge dump Automatic Alert System in Southern Africa Oceans Mdakane, L. W.; Meyer, R. G. V.; Sibolla, B. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. XLIII-B1-2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-627-2020	journal	August 2020

Similar Records

Rain footprints on C-band synthetic aperture radar images of the ocean - Revisited

Journal Article · Thu Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Remote Sensing of Environment · OSTI ID:1478758

Alpers, Werner; Zhang, Biao; Mouche, Alexis; +2 more

Radar remote sensing of forest and wetland ecosystems in the Central American tropics

Journal Article · Sun May 01 00:00:00 EDT 1994 · Remote Sensing of Environment; (United States) · OSTI ID:1478758

Pope, K O; Rey-Benayas, J M; Paris, J F

Snow mapping in alpine regions with synthetic aperture radar

Journal Article · Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1994 · IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States) · OSTI ID:1478758

Shi, J; Dozier, J; Rott, H

Related Subjects

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
Oil spills
Biogenic slicks
SAR
Polarimetry
Co-polarized phase difference

Title: Oil spill detection by imaging radars: Challenges and pitfalls

Citation Formats

References (70)

Cited By (14)

Similar Records

Related Subjects