Production of levoglucosenone and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose in polar aprotic solvent–water mixtures
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a process to produce levoglucosenone (LGO) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from cellulose in up to 65% carbon yield using sulfuric acid as catalyst and a solvent consisting of a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) with water. In pure THF, LGO is the major product of cellulose dehydration, passing through levoglucosan as an intermediate. Increasing the water content (up to 5 wt%) results in HMF as the major product. HMF is formed both by glucose dehydration and direct dehydration of LGA. The maximum combined yield of LGO and HMF (~65 carbon%) is achieved in the presence of 1–2.5 wt% H 2O, such that comparable amounts of these two co-products are formed. THF gave the highest total yields of LGO and HMF among the solvents investigated in this study (i.e., THF, diglyme, tetraglyme, gamma-valerolactone (GVL), cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), 1,4-dioxane, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)). Furthermore, the rate of LGO and HMF degradation in THF was lower than in the other solvents. LGO/HMF yields increased with increased strength of the acid catalyst (H 2SO 4 > H 3PO 4 > HCOOH), and HMF was produced more selectively than LGO in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Finally, techno-economic analysis for LGOmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[1];
[1]
- Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1475401
- Grant/Contract Number:
- EE0006878
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Green Chemistry
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 19; Journal Issue: 15; Journal ID: ISSN 1463-9262
- Publisher:
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Citation Formats
He, Jiayue, Liu, Mingjie, Huang, Kefeng, Walker, Theodore W., Maravelias, Christos T., Dumesic, James A., and Huber, George W. Production of levoglucosenone and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose in polar aprotic solvent–water mixtures. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1039/C7GC01688C.
He, Jiayue, Liu, Mingjie, Huang, Kefeng, Walker, Theodore W., Maravelias, Christos T., Dumesic, James A., & Huber, George W. Production of levoglucosenone and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose in polar aprotic solvent–water mixtures. United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7GC01688C
He, Jiayue, Liu, Mingjie, Huang, Kefeng, Walker, Theodore W., Maravelias, Christos T., Dumesic, James A., and Huber, George W. Thu .
"Production of levoglucosenone and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose in polar aprotic solvent–water mixtures". United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7GC01688C. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1475401.
@article{osti_1475401,
title = {Production of levoglucosenone and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose in polar aprotic solvent–water mixtures},
author = {He, Jiayue and Liu, Mingjie and Huang, Kefeng and Walker, Theodore W. and Maravelias, Christos T. and Dumesic, James A. and Huber, George W.},
abstractNote = {In this paper, we demonstrate a process to produce levoglucosenone (LGO) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from cellulose in up to 65% carbon yield using sulfuric acid as catalyst and a solvent consisting of a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) with water. In pure THF, LGO is the major product of cellulose dehydration, passing through levoglucosan as an intermediate. Increasing the water content (up to 5 wt%) results in HMF as the major product. HMF is formed both by glucose dehydration and direct dehydration of LGA. The maximum combined yield of LGO and HMF (~65 carbon%) is achieved in the presence of 1–2.5 wt% H2O, such that comparable amounts of these two co-products are formed. THF gave the highest total yields of LGO and HMF among the solvents investigated in this study (i.e., THF, diglyme, tetraglyme, gamma-valerolactone (GVL), cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), 1,4-dioxane, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)). Furthermore, the rate of LGO and HMF degradation in THF was lower than in the other solvents. LGO/HMF yields increased with increased strength of the acid catalyst (H2SO4 > H3PO4 > HCOOH), and HMF was produced more selectively than LGO in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Finally, techno-economic analysis for LGO and HMF production from cellulose shows that the lowest LGO/HMF production costs are less than $3.00 per kg and occur at a cellulose loading and water content of 2–3% and 1.5–2.5% respectively.},
doi = {10.1039/C7GC01688C},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1475401},
journal = {Green Chemistry},
issn = {1463-9262},
number = 15,
volume = 19,
place = {United States},
year = {2017},
month = {6}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 32 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Direct Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural via Catalytic Conversion of Simple and Complex Sugars over Phosphated TiO 2
journal, August 2015
- Atanda, Luqman; Shrotri, Abhijit; Mukundan, Swathi
- ChemSusChem, Vol. 8, Issue 17
Review: Sustainable production of hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid: Challenges and opportunities
journal, January 2015
- Mukherjee, Agneev; Dumont, Marie-Josée; Raghavan, Vijaya
- Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 72
Hydroxymethylfurfural, A Versatile Platform Chemical Made from Renewable Resources
journal, February 2013
- van Putten, Robert-Jan; van der Waal, Jan C.; de Jong, Ed
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 113, Issue 3
Dehydration of cellulose to levoglucosenone using polar aprotic solvents
journal, January 2015
- Cao, Fei; Schwartz, Thomas J.; McClelland, Daniel J.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 6
THF co-solvent enhances hydrocarbon fuel precursor yields from lignocellulosic biomass
journal, January 2013
- Cai, Charles M.; Zhang, Taiying; Kumar, Rajeev
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 15, Issue 11
Understanding solvent effects in the selective conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural: a molecular dynamics investigation
journal, January 2012
- Mushrif, Samir H.; Caratzoulas, Stavros; Vlachos, Dionisios G.
- Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 8
Catalytic fast pyrolysis of cellulose and biomass to produce levoglucosenone using magnetic SO42−/TiO2–Fe3O4
journal, November 2014
- Lu, Qiang; Ye, Xiao-ning; Zhang, Zhi-bo
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 171
A new perspective in bio-refining: levoglucosenone and cleaner lignin from waste biorefinery hydrolysis lignin by selective conversion of residual saccharides
journal, January 2016
- De bruyn, M.; Fan, J.; Budarin, V. L.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 8
1,2,6-Hexanetriol in Alkyd Resins
journal, March 1957
- Tess, Roy W.; Harline, Richard D.; Mika, Thomas F.
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 49, Issue 3
Second dissociation constant of sulfuric acid in acetonitrile and in dimethyl sulfoxide
journal, October 1968
- Kolthoff, I. M.; Chantooni, M. K.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 90, Issue 22
Simple Chemical Transformation of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Furans for Fuels and Chemicals
journal, February 2009
- Binder, Joseph B.; Raines, Ronald T.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 5, p. 1979-1985
Chloride ions enhance furfural formation from d-xylose in dilute aqueous acidic solutions
journal, January 2010
- Marcotullio, Gianluca; De Jong, Wiebren
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 12, Issue 10
Conversion of Hemicellulose into Furfural Using Solid Acid Catalysts in γ-Valerolactone
journal, December 2012
- Gürbüz, Elif I.; Gallo, Jean Marcel R.; Alonso, David Martin
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 52, Issue 4, p. 1270-1274
Dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in sub- and supercritical acetone
journal, February 2003
- Bicker, M.; Hirth, J.; Vogel, H.
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 5, Issue 2
Furfural formation from d-xylose: the use of different halides in dilute aqueous acidic solutions allows for exceptionally high yields
journal, August 2011
- Marcotullio, G.; de Jong, W.
- Carbohydrate Research, Vol. 346, Issue 11
Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural by dehydration of biomass-derived mono- and poly-saccharides
journal, January 2007
- Chheda, Juben N.; Román-Leshkov, Yuriy; Dumesic, James A.
- Green Chem., Vol. 9, Issue 4, p. 342-350
Techno-economic analysis of dimethylfuran (DMF) and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) production from pure fructose in catalytic processes
journal, May 2011
- Kazi, Feroz Kabir; Patel, Akshay D.; Serrano-Ruiz, Juan Carlos
- Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 169, Issue 1-3
Single-step conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a versatile platform chemical
journal, June 2009
- Su, Yu; Brown, Heather M.; Huang, Xiwen
- Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 361, Issue 1-2, p. 117-122
Mediating acid-catalyzed conversion of levoglucosan into platform chemicals with various solvents
journal, January 2012
- Hu, Xun; Wu, Liping; Wang, Yi
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 14, Issue 11, p. 3087-3098
An ionic liquid reaction and separation process for production of hydroxymethylfurfural from sugars
journal, November 2013
- Liu, Wei; Richard Zheng, Feng; Li, Joanne
- AIChE Journal, Vol. 60, Issue 1
Dissociation constants of uncharged and monovalent cation acids in dimethyl sulfoxide
journal, January 1968
- Kolthoff, Izaak M.; Chantooni, Miran K.; Bhowmik, Sadhana.
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 90, Issue 1
Gamma-valerolactone, a sustainable platform molecule derived from lignocellulosic biomass
journal, January 2013
- Alonso, David Martin; Wettstein, Stephanie G.; Dumesic, James A.
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 15, Issue 3
Sulfonate Ionic Liquid as a Stable and Active Catalyst for Levoglucosenone Production from Saccharides via Catalytic Pyrolysis
journal, September 2013
- Kudo, Shinji; Zhou, Zhenwei; Yamasaki, Kento
- Catalysts, Vol. 3, Issue 4
High yield conversion of cellulosic biomass into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and a study of the reaction kinetics of cellulose to HMF conversion in a biphasic system
journal, January 2016
- Atanda, Luqman; Konarova, Muxina; Ma, Qing
- Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 16
Synthesis of C-glycosyl compounds and other natural products from levoglucosenone
journal, January 1994
- Witczak, Z. J.
- Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 66, Issue 10-11
Recent Applications of Levoglucosenone as Chiral Synthon
journal, July 2012
- M. Sarotti, Ariel; M. Zanardi, Maria; A. Spanevello, Rolando
- Current Organic Synthesis, Vol. 9, Issue 4
Recent Catalytic Advances in the Chemistry of Substituted Furans from Carbohydrates and in the Ensuing Polymers
journal, February 2004
- Moreau, Claude; Belgacem, Mohamed Naceur; Gandini, Alessandro
- Topics in Catalysis, Vol. 27, Issue 1-4
Simulation Analysis and Nondestructive Testing of Flexural Performance of wood Single lap Glued Joints
journal, August 2012
- Lu, Wei; Hu, Ying Cheng; Yao, Jia
- BioResources, Vol. 7, Issue 4
An efficient microwave-assisted green transformation of cellulose into levoglucosenone. Advantages of the use of an experimental design approach
journal, January 2007
- Sarotti, Ariel M.; Spanevello, Rolando A.; Suárez, Alejandra G.
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 9, Issue 10
Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Glucose Using a Combination of Lewis and Brønsted Acid Catalysts in Water in a Biphasic Reactor with an Alkylphenol Solvent
journal, April 2012
- Pagán-Torres, Yomaira J.; Wang, Tianfu; Gallo, Jean Marcel R.
- ACS Catalysis, Vol. 2, Issue 6, p. 930-934
High yield synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose using FePO 4 as the catalyst
journal, November 2016
- Xia, Haian; Xu, Siquan; Yan, Xiaopei
- Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 152
Cellulose dehydration and depolymerization reactions during pyrolysis in the presence of phosphoric acid
journal, February 1999
- Dobele, G.; Rossinskaja, G.; Telysheva, G.
- Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol. 49, Issue 1-2
The Role of Metal Halides in Enhancing the Dehydration of Xylose to Furfural
journal, January 2015
- Enslow, Kristopher R.; Bell, Alexis T.
- ChemCatChem, Vol. 7, Issue 3
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural production from sugars and cellulose in acid- and base-catalyzed conditions under hot compressed water
journal, November 2012
- Daorattanachai, Pornlada; Namuangruk, Supawadee; Viriya-empikul, Nawin
- Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 18, Issue 6, p. 1893-1901
Continuous production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose: a design case study
journal, January 2010
- Torres, Ana I.; Daoutidis, Prodromos; Tsapatsis, Michael
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 3, Issue 10
Catalytic and catalytic free process for cellulose conversion: fast pyrolysis and microwave induced pyrolysis studies
journal, November 2014
- Nieva, María Luz; Volpe, María Alicia; Moyano, Elizabeth Laura
- Cellulose, Vol. 22, Issue 1
Coupling metal halides with a co-solvent to produce furfural and 5-HMF at high yields directly from lignocellulosic biomass as an integrated biofuels strategy
journal, January 2014
- Cai, Charles M.; Nagane, Nikhil; Kumar, Rajeev
- Green Chem., Vol. 16, Issue 8
Hydrothermal Conversion of Cellulose to 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural
journal, March 2011
- Yin, Sudong; Pan, Yanglin; Tan, Zhongchao
- International Journal of Green Energy, Vol. 8, Issue 2
Some reactions of levoglucosenone
journal, June 1979
- Shafizadeh, Fred; Furneaux, Richard H.; Stevenson, Thomas T.
- Carbohydrate Research, Vol. 71, Issue 1, p. 169-191
Cellulose recycling as a source of raw chirality
journal, July 2013
- Corne, Valeria; Botta, María Celeste; Giordano, Enrique D. V.
- Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 85, Issue 8
A mechanistic model of fast pyrolysis of glucose-based carbohydrates to predict bio-oil composition
journal, January 2012
- Vinu, R.; Broadbelt, Linda J.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5, Issue 12
A kinetic model for production of glucose by hydrolysis of levoglucosan and cellobiosan from pyrolysis oil
journal, November 2007
- Helle, Steve; Bennett, Nicole M.; Lau, Karen
- Carbohydrate Research, Vol. 342, Issue 16, p. 2365-2370
Selective Conversion of Cellulose to Hydroxymethylfurfural in Polar Aprotic Solvents
journal, July 2014
- Weingarten, Ronen; Rodriguez-Beuerman, Alexandra; Cao, Fei
- ChemCatChem, Vol. 6, Issue 8
Dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) as a bio-based alternative for dipolar aprotic solvents
journal, January 2014
- Sherwood, James; De bruyn, Mario; Constantinou, Andri
- Chem. Commun., Vol. 50, Issue 68
Depolymerization of Cellulose Using Solid Catalysts in Ionic Liquids
journal, October 2008
- Rinaldi, Roberto; Palkovits, Regina; Schüth, Ferdi
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 47, Issue 42, p. 8047-8050
Formation of Furfural in Catalytic Transformation of Levoglucosan over Mesoporous Materials
journal, April 2010
- Käldström, M.; Kumar, N.; Heikkilä, T.
- ChemCatChem, Vol. 2, Issue 5
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). A Review Focussing on its Manufacture
journal, January 1990
- Kuster, B. F. M.
- Starch - Stärke, Vol. 42, Issue 8
Influence of pyrolysis temperature and time on the cellulose fast pyrolysis products: Analytical Py-GC/MS study
journal, November 2011
- Lu, Qiang; Yang, Xiao-chu; Dong, Chang-qing
- Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol. 92, Issue 2, p. 430-438
Conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by ZnCl2 in water
journal, January 2012
- Deng, Tiansheng; Cui, Xiaojing; Qi, Yongqin
- Chemical Communications, Vol. 48, Issue 44, p. 5494-5496
Metal Chlorides in Ionic Liquid Solvents Convert Sugars to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural
journal, June 2007
- Zhao, H.; Holladay, J. E.; Brown, H.
- Science, Vol. 316, Issue 5831, p. 1597-1600
Biomass to chemicals: Design of an extractive-reaction process for the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
journal, July 2012
- Torres, A. I.; Tsapatsis, M.; Daoutidis, P.
- Computers & Chemical Engineering, Vol. 42
Phase Modifiers Promote Efficient Production of Hydroxymethylfurfural from Fructose
journal, June 2006
- Roman-Leshkov, Yuriy; Chheda, Juben N.; Dumesic, James A.
- Science, Vol. 312, Issue 5782, p. 1933-1937
Catalytic Conversion of Fructose, Glucose, and Sucrose to 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural and Levulinic and Formic Acids in γ-Valerolactone As a Green Solvent
journal, April 2014
- Qi, Long; Mui, Yiu Fung; Lo, See Wing
- ACS Catalysis, Vol. 4, Issue 5
Efficient levoglucosenone production by catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose mixed with ionic liquid
journal, January 2011
- Kudo, Shinji; Zhou, Zhenwei; Norinaga, Koyo
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 13, Issue 11
Kinetics of Levoglucosenone Isomerization
journal, December 2016
- Krishna, Siddarth H.; Walker, Theodore W.; Dumesic, James A.
- ChemSusChem, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose in sulfolane with some acidic catalysts
journal, April 2007
- Kawamoto, Haruo; Saito, Shinya; Hatanaka, Wataru
- Journal of Wood Science, Vol. 53, Issue 2
Catalytic Dehydration of Carbohydrates Suspended in Organic Solvents Promoted by AlCl 3 /SiO 2 Coated with Choline Chloride
journal, November 2014
- Yang, Jie; De Oliveira Vigier, Karine; Gu, Yanlong
- ChemSusChem, Vol. 8, Issue 2
Hydrogenation of levoglucosenone to renewable chemicals
journal, January 2017
- Krishna, Siddarth H.; McClelland, Daniel J.; Rashke, Quinn A.
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 19, Issue 5
Ionic Liquid-Mediated Formation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural—A Promising Biomass-Derived Building Block
journal, February 2011
- Zakrzewska, Małgorzata E.; Bogel-Łukasik, Ewa; Bogel-Łukasik, Rafał
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 111, Issue 2, p. 397-417
Preparation of levoglucosenone through sulfuric acid promoted pyrolysis of bagasse at low temperature
journal, January 2012
- Sui, Xian-wei; Wang, Zhi; Liao, Bing
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 103, Issue 1, p. 466-469
Pitting corrosion mechanism of Type 304 stainless steel under a droplet of chloride solutions
journal, March 2007
- Tsutsumi, Yusuke; Nishikata, Atsushi; Tsuru, Tooru
- Corrosion Science, Vol. 49, Issue 3
Works referencing / citing this record:
Catalytic dehydration of levoglucosan to levoglucosenone using Brønsted solid acid catalysts in tetrahydrofuran
journal, January 2019
- Oyola-Rivera, Oscar; He, Jiayue; Huber, George W.
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 18
New catalytic strategies for α,ω-diols production from lignocellulosic biomass
journal, January 2017
- He, Jiayue; Huang, Kefeng; Barnett, Kevin J.
- Faraday Discussions, Vol. 202
Catalytic dehydration of levoglucosan to levoglucosenone using Brønsted solid acid catalysts in tetrahydrofuran
journal, January 2019
- Oyola-Rivera, Oscar; He, Jiayue; Huber, George W.
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 18
Leather‐Promoted Transformation of Glucose into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural and Levoglucosenone
journal, April 2019
- Bobbink, Felix D.; Huang, Zhangjun; Menoud, Florent
- ChemSusChem, Vol. 12, Issue 7
Synergetic Effect of Brønsted/Lewis Acid Sites and Water on the Catalytic Dehydration of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural by Heteropolyacid-Based Ionic Hybrids
journal, October 2018
- Zhao, Pingping; Cui, Hongyou; Zhang, Yunyun
- ChemistryOpen, Vol. 7, Issue 10
Effects of chloride ions in acid-catalyzed biomass dehydration reactions in polar aprotic solvents
journal, March 2019
- Mellmer, Max A.; Sanpitakseree, Chotitath; Demir, Benginur
- Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Universal kinetic solvent effects in acid-catalyzed reactions of biomass-derived oxygenates
journal, January 2018
- Walker, Theodore W.; Chew, Alex K.; Li, Huixiang
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 3
Direct catalytic conversion of glucose and cellulose
journal, January 2018
- Li, Zhenhuan; Su, Kunmei; Ren, Jun
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 20, Issue 4
Simple and efficient conversion of cellulose to γ-valerolactone through an integrated alcoholysis/transfer hydrogenation system using Ru and aluminium sulfate catalysts
journal, January 2018
- Huang, Yao-Bing; Yang, Tao; Luo, Yu-Jia
- Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 23
Propylene carbonate and γ-valerolactone as green solvents enhance Sn( iv )-catalysed hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) production from bread waste
journal, January 2018
- Yu, Iris K. M.; Tsang, Daniel C. W.; Yip, Alex C. K.
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 20, Issue 9
Catalytic production of hexane-1,2,5,6-tetrol from bio-renewable levoglucosanol in water: effect of metal and acid sites on (stereo)-selectivity
journal, January 2018
- Krishna, Siddarth H.; De bruyn, Mario; Schmidt, Zachary R.
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 20, Issue 19
Combining steam distillation with microwave-assisted pyrolysis to maximise direct production of levoglucosenone from agricultural wastes
journal, January 2019
- Bouxin, Florent P.; Clark, James H.; Fan, Jiajun
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 6
From waste biomass to chemicals and energy via microwave-assisted processes
journal, January 2019
- Calcio Gaudino, Emanuela; Cravotto, Giancarlo; Manzoli, Maela
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 6
Catalytic hydrogenation of dihydrolevoglucosenone to levoglucosanol with a hydrotalcite/mixed oxide copper catalyst
journal, January 2019
- De bruyn, Mario; Sener, Canan; Petrolini, Davi D.
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 18
Making natural products from renewable feedstocks: back to the roots?
journal, January 2020
- Kühlborn, Jonas; Groß, Jonathan; Opatz, Till
- Natural Product Reports, Vol. 37, Issue 3
Total utilization of lignin and carbohydrates in Eucalyptus grandis: an integrated biorefinery strategy towards phenolics, levulinic acid, and furfural
journal, January 2020
- Chen, Xue; Zhang, Kaili; Xiao, Ling-Ping
- Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 13, Issue 1