Two-dimensional itinerant ferromagnetism in atomically thin Fe3GeTe2

Fei, Zaiyao; Huang, Bevin; Malinowski, Paul; Wang, Wenbo; Song, Tiancheng; Sanchez, Joshua; Yao, Wang; Xiao, Di; Zhu, Xiaoyang; May, Andrew F.; Wu, Weida; Cobden, David H.; Chu, Jiun-Haw; Xu, Xiaodong

doi:10.1038/s41563-018-0149-7

Two-dimensional itinerant ferromagnetism in atomically thin Fe₃GeTe₂

Journal Article · Mon Aug 13 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Nature Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0149-7· OSTI ID:1474480

Fei, Zaiyao ^[1]; ^[1]; Malinowski, Paul ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[1]; Sanchez, Joshua ^[1]; ^[3]; Xiao, Di ^[4]; Zhu, Xiaoyang ^[5]; ^[6]; ^[2]; ^[1]; Chu, Jiun-Haw ^[1]; ^[7]

Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Univ. of Hong Kong (China). Dept. of Physics and Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics
Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science & Technology Division
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering

Discoveries of intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetism in van der Waals (vdW) crystals provide an interesting arena for studying fundamental 2D magnetism and devices that employ localized spins1,2,3,4. However, an exfoliable vdW material that exhibits intrinsic 2D itinerant magnetism remains elusive. We demonstrate that Fe₃GeTe₂ (FGT), an exfoliable vdW magnet, exhibits robust 2D ferromagnetism with strong perpendicular anisotropy when thinned down to a monolayer. Layer-number-dependent studies reveal a crossover from 3D to 2D Ising ferromagnetism for thicknesses less than 4 nm (five layers), accompanied by a fast drop of the Curie temperature (T_C) from 207 K to 130 K in the monolayer. For FGT flakes thicker than ~15 nm, a distinct magnetic behaviour emerges in an intermediate temperature range, which we show is due to the formation of labyrinthine domain patterns. Our work introduces an atomically thin ferromagnetic metal that could be useful for the study of controllable 2D itinerant ferromagnetism and for engineering spintronic vdW heterostructures5.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; National Science Foundation (NSF); Croucher Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; SC0012509; SC0018153

OSTI ID:: 1474480

Journal Information:: Nature Materials, Journal Name: Nature Materials Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 17; ISSN 1476-1122

Publisher:: Springer Nature - Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Long Range Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in Two Dimensional Materials and Dissipationless Future Technologies Shabbir, Babar; Nadeem, Muhammad; Dai, Zhigao arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1810.09053	text	January 2018
Single-Layer Ferromagnetic and Piezoelectric CoAsS with Pentagonal Structure Liu, Lei; Zhuang, Houlong L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.03469	text	January 2018
Weak ferromagnetic insulator with huge coercivity in monoclinic double perovskite La2CuIrO6 Zhang, Xingyu; Li, Bin; Cheng, Jie arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.01106	text	January 2019
Probing magnetism in 2D materials at the nanoscale with single spin microscopy Thiel, Lucas; Wang, Zhe; Tschudin, Märta A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.01406	text	January 2019
Two-dimensional nodal-loop half metal in monolayer MnN Wang, Shan-Shan; Yu, Zhi-Ming; Liu, Ying arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.04705	text	January 2019
Anisotropic magnetocaloric effect in Fe$_{3-x}$GeTe$_2$ Liu, Yu; Li, Jun; Tao, Jing arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.03873	text	January 2019
Electronic structure and magnetic properties of few-layer Cr$_2$Ge$_2$Te$_6$: the key role of nonlocal electron-electron interaction effects Menichetti, Guido; Calandra, Matteo; Polini, Marco arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.10993	text	January 2019
Direct observation of van der Waals stacking dependent interlayer magnetism Chen, Weijong; Sun, Zeyuan; Gu, Lehua arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.03383	text	January 2019
Theory and simulations of critical temperatures in CrI3 and other 2D materials: Easy-axis magnetic order and easy-plane Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions Olsen, Thomas arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1908.11115	text	January 2019
Van der Waals heterostructures with spin-orbit coupling Rossi, Enrico; Triola, Christopher arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1909.11674	text	January 2019
Van der Waals heterostructures for high-performance device applications: challenges and opportunities Liang, Shi-Jun; Cheng, Bin; Cui, Xinyi arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1912.10886	text	January 2019

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