Turbulent mixing and removal of ozone within an Amazon rainforest canopy

Freire, L. S.; Gerken, T.; Ruiz-Plancarte, J.; Wei, D.; Fuentes, J. D.; Katul, G. G.; Dias, N. L.; Acevedo, O. C.; Chamecki, M.

doi:10.1002/2016JD026009

Turbulent mixing and removal of ozone within an Amazon rainforest canopy

Journal Article · Mon Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026009· OSTI ID:1474275

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; Wei, D. ^[3]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[6]; ^[7]

Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles California USA
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)
Univ. Federal do Parana, Curitiba (Brazil)
Univ. Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

Simultaneous profiles of turbulence statistics and mean ozone mixing ratio are used to establish a relation between eddy diffusivity and ozone mixing within the Amazon forest. A one–dimensional diffusion model is proposed and used to infer mixing time scales from the eddy diffusivity profiles. Data and model results indicate that during daytime conditions, the upper (lower) half of the canopy is well (partially) mixed most of the time and that most of the vertical extent of the forest can be mixed in less than an hour. During nighttime, most of the canopy is predominantly poorly mixed, except for periods with bursts of intermittent turbulence. Even though turbulence is faster than chemistry during daytime, both processes have comparable time scales in the lower canopy layers during nighttime conditions. Nonchemical loss time scales (associated with stomatal uptake and dry deposition) for the entire forest are comparable to turbulent mixing time scale in the lower canopy during the day and in the entire canopy during the night, indicating a tight coupling between turbulent transport and dry deposition and stomatal uptake processes. Because of the significant time of day and height variability of the turbulent mixing time scale inside the canopy, it is important to take it into account when studying chemical and biophysical processes happening in the forest environment. In conclusion, the method proposed here to estimate turbulent mixing time scales is a reliable alternative to currently used models, especially for situations in which the vertical distribution of the time scale is relevant.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0011075

OSTI ID:: 1474275

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1377930

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 122; ISSN 2169-897X

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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