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Title: Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A

Journal Article · · Science
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Previous detections of individual astrophysical sources of neutrinos are limited to the Sun and the supernova 1987A, whereas the origins of the diffuse flux of high-energy cosmic neutrinos remain unidentified. On 22 September 2017, we detected a high-energy neutrino, IceCube-170922A, with an energy of ~290 tera–electron volts. Its arrival direction was consistent with the location of a known γ-ray blazar, TXS 0506+056, observed to be in a flaring state. An extensive multiwavelength campaign followed, ranging from radio frequencies to γ-rays. These observations characterize the variability and energetics of the blazar and include the detection of TXS 0506+056 in very-high-energy γ-rays. This observation of a neutrino in spatial coincidence with a γ-ray–emitting blazar during an active phase suggests that blazars may be a source of high-energy neutrinos.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC). High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Organization:
The IceCube Collaboration; Fermi-LAT; MAGIC; AGILE; ASAS-SN; HAWC; H.E.S.S.; INTEGRAL; Kanata; Kiso; Kapteyn; Liverpool Telescope; Subaru; Swift/NuSTAR; VERITAS; VLA/17B-403 teams
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515; AC02-05CH11231; 89233218CNA000001
OSTI ID:
1473983
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1532330; OSTI ID: 1673364
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-18-29828
Journal Information:
Science, Vol. 361, Issue 6398; ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher:
AAASCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 128 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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The IceCube Neutrino Observatory: instrumentation and online systems text January 2017
Evidence for High-Energy Extraterrestrial Neutrinos at the IceCube Detector text January 2013
Measurement of South Pole ice transparency with the IceCube LED calibration system text January 2013
Constraints on Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Sources from a Search for Neutrinos above 10 PeV with IceCube text January 2016
3FHL: The Third Catalog of Hard Fermi -LAT Sources text January 2017
Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet text January 2017
All-sky Search for Time-integrated Neutrino Emission from Astrophysical Sources with 7 yr of IceCube Data text January 2017
Review of Particle Physics text January 2008
Planck 2015 results : XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB journal September 2016
Observation and Characterization of a Cosmic Muon Neutrino Flux from the Northern Hemisphere Using Six Years of IceCube DATA text January 2016
The second catalog of flaring gamma-ray sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis text January 2017
An improved method for measuring muon energy using the truncated mean of dE/dx text January 2013
Review of Particle Physics text January 2012
The IceCube realtime alert system text January 2017
The AGILE Mission text January 2008
The MAXI Mission on the ISS: Science and Instruments for Monitoring All Sky X-Ray Images text January 2009
ANTARES: the first undersea neutrino telescope text January 2011
The Expanded Very Large Array -- a New Telescope for New Science text January 2011
X-shooter, the new wide band intermediate resolution spectrograph at the ESO Very Large Telescope text January 2011
Evaluating the Maximum Likelihood Method for Detecting Short-Term Variability of AGILE gamma-ray Sources text January 2012
Reconstructing the Near-IR Background Fluctuations from known Galaxy Populations using Multiband Measurements of Luminosity Functions text January 2012
An improved method for measuring muon energy using the truncated mean of dE/dx text January 2012
Evidence for High-Energy Extraterrestrial Neutrinos at the IceCube Detector text January 2013
TANAMI Blazars in the IceCube PeV Neutrino Fields text January 2014
Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters text January 2015
The contribution of Fermi-2LAC blazars to the diffuse TeV-PeV neutrino flux text January 2016
The second catalog of flaring gamma-ray sources from the Fermi All-sky Variability Analysis text January 2016
Observation of the Crab Nebula with the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory text January 2017
3FHL: The Third Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT Sources text January 2017
Neutrino emission from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 prior to the IceCube-170922A alert text January 2018

Cited By (88)

A Search for Cosmic Neutrino and Gamma-Ray Emitting Transients in 7.3 yr of ANTARES and Fermi LAT Data journal November 2019
Inductive Acceleration of Ions in Poynting-flux-dominated Outflows journal October 2019
Flux States of Active Galactic Nuclei journal May 2019
New GTC spectroscopic data and a statistical study to better constrain the redshift of the BL Lac RGB J2243 + 203 journal November 2018
Interpretation of the Diffuse Astrophysical Neutrino Flux in Terms of the Blazar Sequence journal January 2019
Limits on point-like sources of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with the Pierre Auger Observatory journal November 2019
New Hard-TeV Extreme Blazars Detected with the MAGIC Telescopes journal February 2020
Search for Astronomical Neutrinos from Blazar TXS 0506+056 in Super-Kamiokande journal December 2019
Gravitational slingshots around black holes in a binary journal January 2020
Sensitivity of Super-Kamiokande with Gadolinium to Low Energy Antineutrinos from Pre-supernova Emission journal November 2019
Systematic Physical Characterization of the γ -Ray Spectra of 2FHL Blazars journal March 2019
Missing Gamma-Ray Halos and the Need for New Physics in the Gamma-Ray Sky journal November 2018
Relativistic Jets from AGN Viewed at Highest Angular Resolution journal December 2019
Constraints on Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Emission from NGC 1068 with the MAGIC Telescopes text January 2019
Mid-infrared Variability of the Neutrino Source Blazar TXS 0506+056 journal July 2018
The Extended Flare in CTA 102 in 2016 and 2017 within a Hadronic Model through Cloud Ablation by the Relativistic Jet journal January 2019
Investigation of Two Fermi -LAT Gamma-Ray Blazars Coincident with High-energy Neutrinos Detected by IceCube journal July 2019
Cascading Constraints from Neutrino-emitting Blazars: The Case of TXS 0506+056 journal August 2019
Millimeter-Wave Monitoring of Active Galactic Nuclei with the Africa Millimetre Telescope journal June 2019
Patterns in the Multiwavelength Behavior of Candidate Neutrino Blazars journal April 2020
A Neutral Beam Model for High-energy Neutrino Emission from the Blazar TXS 0506+056 journal January 2020
Lepto-hadronic γ -Ray and Neutrino Emission from the Jet of TXS 0506+056 journal October 2018
The Search for Neutrinos from TXS 0506+056 with the ANTARES Telescope journal August 2018
Escape, bound and capture geodesics in local static coordinates in Schwarzschild spacetime journal February 2020
Angular power spectrum analysis on current and future high-energy neutrino data journal February 2019
Multi-Messenger Physics With the Pierre Auger Observatory text January 2019
Monitoring and Multi-Messenger Astronomy with IceCube journal March 2019
Blazar Optical Polarimetry: Current Progress in Observations and Theories journal October 2019
A DECam Search for Explosive Optical Transients Associated with IceCube Neutrino Alerts journal September 2019
TXS 0506+056, the first cosmic neutrino source, is not a BL Lac journal January 2019
Search for Sources of Astrophysical Neutrinos Using Seven Years of IceCube Cascade Events text January 2019
Apparent superluminal core expansion and limb brightening in the candidate neutrino blazar TXS 0506+056 journal December 2019
Contribution of starburst nuclei to the diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino flux journal March 2020
A Two-zone Model for Blazar Emission: Implications for TXS 0506+056 and the Neutrino Event IceCube-170922A journal November 2019
The Limited Contribution of Low- and High-luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts to Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays journal May 2019
Active galactic nuclei and the origin of IceCube's diffuse neutrino flux journal February 2019
Multi-messenger astrophysics journal October 2019
Unbiased Long-Term Monitoring at TeV Energies text January 2019
Neutrino vertex reconstruction with in-ice radio detectors using surface reflections and implications for the neutrino energy resolution text January 2019
Progress in unveiling extreme particle acceleration in persistent astrophysical jets text January 2020
Neutrinophilic Dark Matter in the epoch of IceCube and Fermi-LAT journal December 2018
Linking scalar dark matter and neutrino masses with IceCube 170922A journal July 2019
Blazar Mrk 501 shows rhythmic oscillations in its γ-ray emission journal May 2019
High-energy neutrino flux from individual blazar flares journal September 2019
The presence of interstellar scintillation in the 15 GHz interday variability of 1158 OVRO-monitored blazars journal September 2019
Time delay of timelike particles in gravitational lensing of the Schwarzschild spacetime journal December 2019
Neutrino Echoes from Multimessenger Transient Sources journal December 2019
Potential Gravitational-wave and Gamma-ray Multi-messenger Candidate from 2015 October 30 other January 2019
Hadronuclear interpretation of a high-energy neutrino event coincident with a blazar flare text January 2019
Interpretation of the Diffuse Astrophysical Neutrino Flux in Terms of the Blazar Sequence text January 2019
Monitoring the Extragalactic High Energy Sky journal January 2019
A Multimessenger Picture of the Flaring Blazar TXS 0506+056: Implications for High-energy Neutrino Emission and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration journal August 2018
Blazar Flares as an Origin of High-energy Cosmic Neutrinos? journal September 2018
AGILE Detection of Gamma-Ray Sources Coincident with Cosmic Neutrino Events journal January 2019
Probing the Emission Mechanism and Magnetic Field of Neutrino Blazars with Multiwavelength Polarization Signatures journal May 2019
ANTARES Neutrino Search for Time and Space Correlations with IceCube High-energy Neutrino Events journal July 2019
Inverse Compton Cascades in Pair-producing Gaps: Effects of Triplet Pair Production journal September 2019
Complementarity of Stacking and Multiplet Constraints on the Blazar Contribution to the Cumulative High-energy Neutrino Intensity journal February 2020
Two New Catalogs of Blazar Candidates in the WISE Infrared Sky journal May 2019
On the Neutrino Flares from the Direction of TXS 0506+056 journal March 2019
Flux States of Active Galactic Nuclei text January 2019
Progress in unveiling extreme particle acceleration in persistent astrophysical jets journal January 2020
Testing emission models on the extreme blazar 2WHSP J073326.7+515354 detected at very high energies with the MAGIC telescopes journal September 2019
Neutrino emission from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 prior to the IceCube-170922A alert journal July 2018
Flux states of active galactic nuclei text January 2019
Multi-Messenger Physics With the Pierre Auger Observatory journal April 2019
Investigation of Two Fermi -LAT Gamma-Ray Blazars Coincident with High-energy Neutrinos Detected by IceCube text January 2019
A two-zone model for blazar emission: implications for TXS 0506+056 and the neutrino event IceCube-170922A text January 2019
Time-integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 years of IceCube Data text January 2020
Probing Blazar Emission Processes with Optical/Gamma-Ray Flare Correlations journal July 2019
Search for Sources of Astrophysical Neutrinos Using Seven Years of IceCube Cascade Events journal November 2019
A DECam Search for Explosive Optical Transients Associated with IceCube Neutrinos text January 2019
Potential Gravitational-wave and Gamma-ray Multi-messenger Candidate from 2015 October 30 journal April 2019
Neutrino vertex reconstruction with in-ice radio detectors using surface reflections and implications for the neutrino energy resolution journal November 2019
Interpretation of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux in terms of the blazar sequence text January 2018
Blazar Flares as an Origin of High-Energy Cosmic Neutrinos? text January 2018
Mid-infrared variability of the neutrino source blazar TXS 0506$+$056 text January 2018
Neutrino emission from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 prior to the IceCube-170922A alert text January 2018
Angular power spectrum analysis on current and future high-energy neutrino data text January 2018
Ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray nuclei and neutrinos from engine-driven supernovae text January 2018
ANTARES neutrino search for time and space correlations with IceCube high-energy neutrino events text January 2019
Complementarity of Stacking and Multiplet Constraints on the Blazar Contribution to the Cumulative High-Energy Neutrino Intensity text January 2019
High energy neutrino flux from individual blazar flares text January 2019
Time delay of timelike particles in gravitational lensing of Schwarzschild spacetime text January 2019
A DECam Search for Explosive Optical Transients Associated with IceCube Neutrinos text January 2019
The presence of interstellar scintillation in the 15 GHz interday variability of 1158 OVRO-monitored blazars text January 2019
Time-integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 years of IceCube Data text January 2019
Patterns in the multi-wavelength behavior of candidate neutrino blazars text January 2020

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