skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Evaluation of Carbon Partitioning in New Generation of Quench and Partitioning (Q&P) Steels

Journal Article · · Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [4];  [5];  [6]
  1. University of São Paulo (Brazil). Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering; Technological University of Pereira (Columbia)
  2. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Science (CNMS)
  3. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division
  4. The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Department of Materials Science and Engineering
  5. University of São Paulo (Brazil). Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
  6. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering

In this study, quenching and partitioning (Q&P) and a novel combined process of hot straining (HS) and Q&P (HSQ&P) treatments have been applied to a TRIP-assisted steel in a Gleeble®3S50 thermomechanical simulator. The heat treatments involved intercritical annealing at 800 °C and a two-step Q&P heat treatment with a partitioning time of 100 seconds at 400 °C. The “optimum” quench temperature of 318 °C was selected according to the constrained carbon equilibrium (CCE) criterion. The effects of high-temperature deformation (isothermal and non-isothermal) on the carbon enrichment of austenite, carbide formation, and the strain-induced transformation to ferrite (SIT) mechanism were investigated. Carbon partitioning from supersaturated martensite into austenite and carbide precipitation were confirmed by means of atom probe tomography (APT) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Austenite carbon enrichment was clearly observed in all specimens, and in the HSQ&P samples, it was significantly greater than in Q&P, suggesting an additional carbon partitioning to austenite from ferrite formed by the deformation-induced austenite-to-ferrite transformation (DIFT) phenomenon. By APT, the carbon accumulation at austenite/martensite interfaces was observed, with higher values for HSQ&P deformed isothermally (≈ 11 at. pct), when compared with non-isothermal HSQ&P (≈ 9.45 at. pct) and Q&P (≈ 7.6 at. pct). Finally, a local Mn enrichment was observed in a ferrite/austenite interface, indicating ferrite growth under local equilibrium with negligible partitioning (LENP).

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725
OSTI ID:
1471849
Journal Information:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, Vol. 49, Issue 10; ISSN 1073-5623
Publisher:
ASM InternationalCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 12 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (60)

Improvement of tensile mechanical properties in a TRIP-assisted steel by controlling of crystallographic orientation via HSQ&P processes journal January 2018
The effect of strain induced ferrite transformation on the microstructural evolutions and mechanical properties of a TRIP-assisted steel journal June 2014
Micro and macro-mechanical behavior of a transformation-induced plasticity steel developed by thermomechanical processing followed by quenching and partitioning journal January 2016
Carbon partitioning during quenching and partitioning heat treatment accompanied by carbide precipitation journal March 2015
Effect of Quenching and Partitioning with Hot Stamping on Martensite Transformation and Mechanical Properties of AHSS journal June 2015
Microstructure development and mechanical properties of quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steel and an incorporation of hot-dipping galvanization during Q&P process journal December 2013
Combined Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction and Digital Image Correlation Technique for Measurement of Austenite Transformation with Strain in TRIP-Assisted Steels conference April 2016
Comments on “On the definitions of paraequilibrium and orthoequilibrium” by M. Hillert and J. Ågren, Scripta Materialia, 50, 697–9 (2004) journal January 2005
Self-stabilization of untransformed austenite by hydrostatic pressure via martensitic transformation journal May 2016
Reply to comments on “On the definition of paraequilibrium and orthoequilibrium” journal January 2005
Martensitic microstructural transformations from the hot stamping, quenching and partitioning process journal February 2011
Enhanced ductility and toughness in an ultrahigh-strength Mn–Si–Cr–C steel: The great potential of ultrafine filmy retained austenite journal September 2014
Deformation induced ferrite transformation in low carbon steels journal December 2005
The mechanical stability of retained austenite in low-alloyed TRIP steel under shear loading journal January 2014
Characterization of individual retained austenite grains and their stability in low-alloyed TRIP steels journal December 2007
Austenite stability and deformation behavior in a cold-rolled transformation-induced plasticity steel with medium manganese content journal February 2015
Microstructural Evolution of a Low-Carbon Steel during Application of Quenching and Partitioning Heat Treatments after Partial Austenitization journal November 2008
Application of Electron Backscatter Diffraction Techniques to Quenched and Partitioned Steels journal January 2011
Interaction of carbon partitioning, carbide precipitation and bainite formation during the Q&P process in a low C steel journal February 2016
An ultrahigh strength steel with ultrafine-grained microstructure produced through intercritical deformation and partitioning process journal October 2015
Carbon Atom Re-Distribution during Quenching and Partitioning journal January 2014
Multi-phase microstructure design of a novel high strength TRIP steel through experimental methodology journal July 2014
Microstructure – Properties Relationships in Carbide-free Bainitic Steels journal January 2011
Effect of microstructure on the stability of retained austenite in transformation-induced-plasticity steels journal August 2004
Manganese partitioning in dual-phase steel during annealing journal January 2000
Characterization of the Bake-hardening Behavior of Transformation Induced Plasticity and Dual-phase Steels Using Advanced Analytical Techniques journal January 2010
The influence of martensite, bainite and ferrite on the as-quenched constitutive response of simultaneously quenched and deformed boron steel – Experiments and model journal March 2014
Wetting behaviour of laser textured Ti 3 SiC 2 surface with micro-grooved structures journal May 2015
Enhanced mechanical properties of a hot stamped advanced high-strength steel treated by quenching and partitioning process journal April 2011
Effect of fresh martensite on the stability of retained austenite in quenching and partitioning steel journal October 2014
Characterization of transition carbides in quench and partitioned steel microstructures by Mössbauer spectroscopy and complementary techniques journal May 2015
Carbon partitioning to austenite from martensite or bainite during the quench and partition (Q&P) process: A critical assessment journal January 2008
A revised expression for the diffusivity of carbon in binary FeC austenite journal November 1986
Quenched and Partitioned Microstructures Produced via Gleeble Simulations of Hot-Strip Mill Cooling Practices journal March 2011
Characterization and methodology for calculating the mechanical properties of a TRIP-steel submitted to hot stamping and quenching and partitioning (Q&P) journal August 2016
Effects of quenching-partitioning-tempering treatment on microstructure and mechanical performance of Nb-V-Ti microalloyed ultra-high strength steel journal April 2017
Optimizing the Morphology and Stability of Retained Austenite in a δ-TRIP Steel journal March 2014
Austenite Stability Effects on Tensile Behavior of Manganese-Enriched-Austenite Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steel journal April 2011
The effect of morphology on the stability of retained austenite in a quenched and partitioned steel journal March 2013
High-energy X-ray diffraction study on the temperature-dependent mechanical stability of retained austenite in low-alloyed TRIP steels journal January 2012
Kinetics of the partitioning of carbon and substitutional alloying elements during quenching and partitioning (Q&P) processing of medium Mn steel journal April 2016
In situ investigation of the martensitic transformation in Fe–12wt.%Ni–0.6wt.%C steel at subzero temperatures journal November 2013
Effect of Grain Size on Thermal and Mechanical Stability of Austenite in Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel journal January 2013
The stability of retained austenite at different locations during straining of I&Q&P steel journal July 2016
Nanoscale microstructural characterization of a nanobainitic steel journal August 2011
Influence of bainite reaction on the kinetics of carbon redistribution during the Quenching and Partitioning process journal January 2018
Microstructures and hardness of as-quenched martensites (0.1–0.5%C) journal August 2011
Influence of alloying elements on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in quenched and partitioned steels journal April 2014
Bainite formation influenced by large stress journal December 2004
Overview of the current issues in austenite to ferrite transformation and the role of migrating interfaces therein for low alloyed steels journal June 2015
Nano-scale observation on the transformation behavior and mechanical stability of individual retained austenite in CMnSiAl TRIP steels journal March 2015
In situ site-specific specimen preparation for atom probe tomography journal February 2007
Improved ductility of a transformation-induced-plasticity steel by nanoscale austenite lamellae journal October 2013
Transformation kinetics and density models of quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steels journal May 2016
Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a low-carbon quenching and partitioning steel after partial and full austenitization journal August 2016
Morphological Characteristics of Retained Austenite in 0.362C–1.38Si–1.24Mn Steel Processed by One-Step Quenching and Partitioning journal November 2016
On the definitions of paraequilibrium and orthoequilibrium journal March 2004
The dynamic transformation of deformed austenite at temperatures above the Ae3 journal April 2013
Carbon partitioning into austenite after martensite transformation journal May 2003
Atomic-scale analysis of carbon partitioning between martensite and austenite by atom probe tomography and correlative transmission electron microscopy journal February 2014

Cited By (2)

Improvement of wear resistance in a pearlitic rail steel via quenching and partitioning processing journal May 2019
Hot Straining and Quenching and Partitioning of a TRIP-Assisted Steel: Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties journal December 2018