Multiphase Nanostructure of a Quinary Metal Oxide Electrocatalyst Reveals a New Direction for OER Electrocatalyst Design

Haber, Joel A.; Anzenburg, Eitan; Yano, Junko; Kisielowski, Christian; Gregoire, John M.

doi:10.1002/aenm.201402307

Multiphase Nanostructure of a Quinary Metal Oxide Electrocatalyst Reveals a New Direction for OER Electrocatalyst Design

Journal Article · Fri Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2015 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201402307· OSTI ID:1471246

Haber, Joel A. ^[1]; Anzenburg, Eitan ^[2]; Yano, Junko ^[3]; Kisielowski, Christian ^[4]; Gregoire, John M. ^[5]

California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; California Institute of Technology
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis. Physical Biosciences Division
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis. The Molecular Foundry
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis

Ce-rich mixed metal oxides comprise a recently discovered class of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In particular, at current densities below 10 mA cm^-2, Ni_0.3Fe_0.07Co_0.2Ce_0.43O_x exhibits superior activity compared to the corresponding transition metal oxides, despite the relative inactivity of ceria. To elucidate the enhanced activity and underlying catalytic mechanism, detailed structural characterization of this quinary oxide electrocatalyst is reported in this paper. Transmission electron microscopy imaging of cross-section films as-prepared and after electrochemical testing reveals a stable two-phase nanostructure composed of 3–5 nm diameter crystallites of fluorite CeO₂ intimately mixed with 3–5 nm crystallites of transition metal oxides alloyed in the rock salt NiO structure. Dosing experiments demonstrate that an electron flux greater than ≈1000 e Å^-2 s^-1 causes the inherently crystalline material to become amorphous. A very low dose rate of 130 e Å^-2 s^-1 is employed for atomic resolution imaging using inline holography techniques to reveal a nanostructure in which the transition metal oxide nanocrystals form atomically sharp boundaries with the ceria nanocrystals, and these results are corroborated with extensive synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. Finally, ceria is a well-studied cocatalyst for other heterogeneous and electrochemical reactions, and our discovery introduces biphasic cocatalysis as a design concept for improved OER electrocatalysts.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Inst. of Health (NIH) (United States); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0004993

OSTI ID:: 1471246

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1511426

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 5; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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