Effects of Pectin Molecular Weight Changes on the Structure, Dynamics, and Polysaccharide Interactions of Primary Cell Walls of Arabidopsis thaliana : Insights from Solid-State NMR

Phyo, Pyae; Wang, Tuo; Xiao, Chaowen; Anderson, Charles T.; Hong, Mei

doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00888

Effects of Pectin Molecular Weight Changes on the Structure, Dynamics, and Polysaccharide Interactions of Primary Cell Walls of Arabidopsis thaliana : Insights from Solid-State NMR

Journal Article · Mon Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Biomacromolecules

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00888· OSTI ID:1469866

Phyo, Pyae ^[1]; ^[1]; Xiao, Chaowen ^[2]; Anderson, Charles T. ^[2]; ^[1]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)

Significant cellulose–pectin interactions in plant cell walls have been reported recently based on 2D ¹³C solid-state NMR spectra of intact cell walls, yet how these interactions affect cell growth has not been probed. Here, we characterize two Arabidopsis thaliana lines with altered expression of the POLYGALACTURONASE INVOLVED IN EXPANSION1 (PGX1) gene, which encodes a polygalacturonase that cleaves homogalacturonan (HG). PGX1^AT plants overexpress PGX1, have HG with lower molecular weight, and grow larger, whereas pgx1-2 knockout plants have HG with higher molecular weight and grow smaller. Quantitative 13C solid-state NMR spectra show that PGX1^AT cell walls have lower galacturonic acid and xylose contents and higher HG methyl esterification than controls, whereas high molecular weight pgx1-2 walls have similar galacturonic acid content and methyl esterification as controls. ¹H-transferred ¹³C INEPT spectra indicate that the interfibrillar HG backbones are more aggregated whereas the RG-I side chains are more dispersed in PGX1^AT cell walls than in pgx1-2 walls. However, the pectins that are close to cellulose become more mobile and have weaker cross peaks with cellulose in PGX1^AT walls than in pgx1-2 walls. Together, these findings show that polygalacturonase-mediated plant growth is accompanied by increased esterification and decreased cross-linking of HG, increased aggregation of interfibrillar HG, and weaker HG–cellulose interactions. These structural and dynamical differences give molecular insights into how pectins influence wall dynamics during cell growth.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation (CLSF)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001090

OSTI ID:: 1469866

Journal Information:: Biomacromolecules, Journal Name: Biomacromolecules Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 18; ISSN 1525-7797

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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