Tandem Diels-Alder Reaction of Dimethylfuran and Ethylene and Dehydration to para -Xylene Catalyzed by Zeotypic Lewis Acids

Patet, Ryan E.; Fan, Wei; Vlachos, Dionisios G.; Caratzoulas, Stavros

doi:10.1002/cctc.201601584

Tandem Diels-Alder Reaction of Dimethylfuran and Ethylene and Dehydration to para -Xylene Catalyzed by Zeotypic Lewis Acids

Journal Article · Tue Feb 28 00:00:00 EST 2017 · ChemCatChem

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201601584· OSTI ID:1469842

Patet, Ryan E. ^[1]; Fan, Wei ^[2]; Vlachos, Dionisios G. ^[1]; Caratzoulas, Stavros ^[1]

Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States). Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation (CCEI)
Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States); Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States). Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation (CCEI)

The zeotypic Lewis acids Sn-BEA, Zr-BEA, and Ti-BEA have recently been discussed to catalyze the synthesis of p-xylene by dehydrative aromatization of the Diels–Alder product between 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethylene. While it has been shown that these Lewis acids can catalyze the dehydration of the Diels–Alder cycloadduct, the tandem scheme precludes decoupling of the two steps needed to infer whether these same catalysts can catalyze the Diels–Alder step. We have employed electronic structure calculations and microkinetic modelling to investigate the Diels–Alder aromatization of 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethylene to p-xylene over the Lewis-acidic zeotypes Sn-, Zr-, and Ti-BEA. We show that there is only minor catalysis of the Diels–Alder reaction, solely attributable to confinement phenomena varying with the translational freedom allowed to the species inside the zeolite. Microkinetic modelling and sensitivity analysis of the computed rates show that the heterogeneous Diels–Alder pathway does not contribute to the overall rate, and that the homogeneous cycloaddition is rate-limiting at high acid site concentrations. Only the partially hydrolyzed (“open”) Lewis acid sites are found to be catalytically active, with moderately Brønsted-acidic silanol groups formed, which catalyze 2,5-dimethylfuran hydrolysis. Of the Lewis acids tested in this work, Zr-BEA and Sn-BEA have similar activities, in agreement with experiment, whereas Ti-BEA is found to be inactive, indicating that the recently reported Ti-BEA activity was likely a result of Brønsted-acidic defect sites.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation (CCEI); Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001004

OSTI ID:: 1469842

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1400826

Journal Information:: ChemCatChem, Journal Name: ChemCatChem Journal Issue: 13 Vol. 9; ISSN 1867-3880

Publisher:: ChemPubSoc EuropeCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Tandem Diels-Alder Reaction of Dimethylfuran and Ethylene and Dehydration to para -Xylene Catalyzed by Zeotypic Lewis Acids

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