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Short-chain alkanes fuel mussel and sponge Cycloclasticus symbionts from deep-sea gas and oil seeps

Journal Article · · Nature Microbiology
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7]
  1. Max-Planck Inst. for Marine Microbiology, Bremen (Germany); osti
  2. Max-Planck Inst. for Marine Microbiology, Bremen (Germany)
  3. Univ. of Bremen (Germany). MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences
  4. Univ. of Calgary, AB (Canada). Dept. of Geoscience
  5. Univ. of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences
  6. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Dept. of Earth Science
  7. Max-Planck Inst. for Marine Microbiology, Bremen (Germany); Univ. of Bremen (Germany). MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences

Cycloclasticus bacteria are ubiquitous in oil-rich regions of the ocean and are known for their ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Here in this study, we describe Cycloclasticus that have established a symbiosis with Bathymodiolus heckerae mussels and poecilosclerid sponges from asphalt-rich, deep-sea oil seeps at Campeche Knolls in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that, in contrast to all previously known Cycloclasticus, the symbiotic Cycloclasticus appears to lack the genes needed for PAH degradation. Instead, these symbionts use propane and other short-chain alkanes such as ethane and butane as carbon and energy sources, thus expanding the limited range of substrates known to power chemosynthetic symbioses. Analyses of short-chain alkanes in the environment of the Campeche Knolls symbioses revealed that these are present at high concentrations (in the μM to mM range). Comparative genomic analyses revealed high similarities between the genes used by the symbiotic Cycloclasticus to degrade short-chain alkanes and those of free-living Cycloclasticus that bloomed during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Finally, our results indicate that the metabolic versatility of bacteria within the Cycloclasticus clade is higher than previously assumed, and highlight the expanded role of these keystone species in the degradation of marine hydrocarbons.

Research Organization:
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23); German Research Foundation (DFG); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF); National Science Foundation (NSF)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
1469810
Journal Information:
Nature Microbiology, Journal Name: Nature Microbiology Vol. 2; ISSN 2058-5276
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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