Controlling Thin-Film Stress and Wrinkling during Perovskite Film Formation

Bush, Kevin A.; Rolston, Nicholas; Gold-Parker, Aryeh; Manzoor, Salman; Hausele, Jakob; Yu, Zhengshan J.; Raiford, James A.; Cheacharoen, Rongrong; Holman, Zachary C.; Toney, Michael F.; Dauskardt, Reinhold H.; McGehee, Michael D.

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00544

Controlling Thin-Film Stress and Wrinkling during Perovskite Film Formation

Journal Article · Tue May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · ACS Energy Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00544· OSTI ID:1469597

^[1]; Rolston, Nicholas ^[2]; Gold-Parker, Aryeh ^[3]; Manzoor, Salman ^[4]; Hausele, Jakob ^[4]; Yu, Zhengshan J. ^[4]; Raiford, James A. ^[5]; Cheacharoen, Rongrong ^[1]; Holman, Zachary C. ^[4]; ^[6]; Dauskardt, Reinhold H. ^[1]; ^[7]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Applied Physics
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States). School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering

Significant effort has focused on controlling the deposition of perovskite films to enable uniform films, enabling efficiencies to climb dramatically. However, little attention has been paid to the evolution of thin-film stresses during deposition and the consequent effect on film morphology. While a textured surface topology has potential benefits for light scattering, a smooth surface is desirable to enable the pinhole-free deposition of contact layers. In this paper, we show that the highly textured morphology made by popular antisolvent conversion methods arises because of in-plane compressive stress experienced during the intermediate phase of film formation where the substrate constrains the film from expanding—leading to energy release in the form of wrinkling, resulting in trenches that can be hundreds of nanometers deep with periods of several micrometers. Finally, we demonstrate that the extent of wrinkling is correlated with the rate of film conversion and that ultrasmooth films are obtained by slowing the rate of film formation.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Solar Energy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; EE0004946; EE0008154; EE0008167

OSTI ID:: 1469597

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1693766

Journal Information:: ACS Energy Letters, Journal Name: ACS Energy Letters Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 3; ISSN 2380-8195

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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