Unnatural hypoxic regimes

Jager, Henriette I.; Novello, Rebecca C.; Dale, Virginia H.; Villnas, Anna; Rose, Kenneth A.

doi:10.1002/ecs2.2408

Unnatural hypoxic regimes

Journal Article · Mon Sep 10 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Ecosphere

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2408· OSTI ID:1469245

^[1]; Novello, Rebecca C. ^[2]; ^[3]; Villnas, Anna ^[4]; Rose, Kenneth A. ^[5]

Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
School of Environment and Natural Resources Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Dabney Hall, 1416 Circle Drive Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
Tvärminne Zoological Station University of Helsinki J.A. Palménin tie 260 Hanko 10900 Finland
Horn Point Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science 2020 Horns Point Road Cambridge Maryland 21613 USA

Abstract

Coastal hypoxia is increasing worldwide in response to human‐caused changes in global climate and biogeochemical cycles. In this paper, we view anthropogenic trends in coastal hypoxia through the lens of disturbance ecology and complexity theory. Complexity theory provides a framework for describing how estuaries and other coastal aquatic ecosystems respond to hypoxia by understanding feedback loops. Can it also be valuable in understanding how these ecosystems behave under shifting (i.e., unnatural) disturbance regimes? When viewed as a disturbance regime, shifts in the spatial (areal extent and fragmentation) and temporal (frequency and duration of events) characteristics of coastal hypoxia can be used to track changes into a non‐stationary future. Here, we consider options for increasing the resilience of coastal aquatic ecosystems to future, unnatural hypoxic regimes. To start, we define desirable states as ecosystems with long trophic chains and slow nutrient and carbon dynamics that produce many ecosystem services. We then work backward to describe circumstances dominated by positive feedbacks that can lead ecosystems toward an undesirable state (i.e., depauperate communities and chemically reduced sediments). Processes of degradation and recovery can be understood in the context of island biogeography whereby species diversity in habitats fragmented by hypoxia is determined by the balance between rapid local extinction, slow recolonization from the edges of hypoxic patches, and opportunities for ecological succession during between disturbance events. We review potential future changes associated with changing global climate and highlight ways to enhance coastal resilience. In addition to efforts to slow climate change, potential interventions include reduced nutrient and carbon loadings from rivers, restoration of aquatic vegetation, and managing for key species, including those that promote sediment oxygenation, that enhance water clarity, or that promote grazing on epiphytic algae through top‐down control.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Helsinki, Hanko (Finland); Univ. of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Academy of Finland; European Union (EU); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (United States); Sophie von Julin Foundation (Finland); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1469245

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1469246
OSTI ID: 1474665

Journal Information:: Ecosphere, Journal Name: Ecosphere Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 9; ISSN 2150-8925

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Role of microphytobenthos in recovery of functions in a shallow-water sediment system after hypoxic events Larson, F.; Sundbäck, K. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 357 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07426	journal	April 2008
Benthic community-mediated sediment dynamics Montserrat, F.; Van Colen, C.; Degraer, S. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 372 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07769	journal	December 2008
Conditional responses to increasing scales of disturbance, and potential implications for threshold dynamics in soft-sediment communities Norkko, J.; Norkko, A.; Thrush, Sf Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 413 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08745	journal	August 2010
Aggregation on the edge: effects of hypoxia avoidance on the spatial distribution of brown shrimp and demersal fishes in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Craig, Jk Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 445 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09437	journal	January 2012
Shift in seagrass food web structure over decades is linked to overfishing Baden, S.; Emanuelsson, A.; Pihl, L. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 451 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09585	journal	April 2012
Estimating the spatial extent of bottom-water hypoxia and habitat degradation in a shallow estuary Buzzelli, Cp; Luettich, Ra; Powers, Sp Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 230 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps230103	journal	January 2002
Recovery of marine benthic habitats and fauna in a Swedish fjord following improved oxygen conditions Rosenberg, R.; Agrenius, S.; Hellman, B. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 234 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps234043	journal	January 2002
Experimental recolonisation of Baltic Sea reduced sediments: survival of benthic macrofauna and effects on nutrient cycling Karlson, K.; Hulth, S.; Ringdahl, K. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 294 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps294035	journal	January 2005
New Measurements of Oxygen Solubility in pure and Natural Water1: new Measurements of Oxygen Solubility Carpenter, James H. Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1966.11.2.0264	journal	April 1966
Limited transport and recolonization potential in shallow tidal estuaries Lundquist, Carolyn J.; Thrush, Simon F.; Oldman, John W. Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 49, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.2.0386	journal	March 2004
Sulfide exposure accelerates hypoxia-driven mortalit Vaquer-Sunyer, Raquel; Duarte, Carlos M. Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 55, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.3.1075	journal	March 2010
Carbon dynamics and community production in the Mississippi River plume Guo, Xianghui; Cai, Wei-Jun; Huang, Wei-Jen Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 57, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.1.0001	journal	November 2011
Carbon–climate feedbacks accelerate ocean acidification Matear, Richard J.; Lenton, Andrew Biogeosciences, Vol. 15, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1721-2018	journal	January 2018
Coastal hypoxia and sediment biogeochemistry Middelburg, J. J.; Levin, L. A. Biogeosciences, Vol. 6, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1273-2009	journal	January 2009
Historical records of coastal eutrophication-induced hypoxia Gooday, A. J.; Jorissen, F.; Levin, L. A. Biogeosciences, Vol. 6, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1707-2009	journal	January 2009
Evidence for greater oxygen decline rates in the coastal ocean than in the open ocean Gilbert, D.; Rabalais, N. N.; Díaz, R. J. Biogeosciences, Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2283-2010	journal	January 2010
Modeling the impact of river discharge and wind on the hypoxia off Yangtze Estuary Zheng, Jingjing; Gao, Shan; Liu, Guimei Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 16, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2559-2016	journal	January 2016

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