The complex ion structure of warm dense carbon measured by spectrally resolved x-ray scatteringa)

Kraus, D.; Vorberger, J.; Helfrich, J.; Gericke, D. O.; Bachmann, B.; Bagnoud, V.; Barbrel, B.; Blažević, A.; Carroll, D. C.; Cayzac, W.; Döppner, T.; Fletcher, L. B.; Frank, A.; Frydrych, S.; Gamboa, E. J.; Gauthier, M.; Göde, S.; Granados, E.; Gregori, G.; Hartley, N. J.; Kettle, B.; Lee, H. J.; Nagler, B.; Neumayer, P.; Notley, M. M.; Ortner, A.; Otten, A.; Ravasio, A.; Riley, D.; Roth, F.; Schaumann, G.; Schumacher, D.; Schumaker, W.; Siegenthaler, K.; Spindloe, C.; Wagner, F.; Wünsch, K.; Glenzer, S. H.; Roth, M.; Falcone, R. W.

doi:10.1063/1.4920943

Title: The complex ion structure of warm dense carbon measured by spectrally resolved x-ray scatteringa)

Journal Article · Fri May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Physics of Plasmas

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4920943· OSTI ID:1466943

Kraus, D. ^[1]; Vorberger, J. ^[2]; Helfrich, J. ^[3]; Gericke, D. O. ^[4]; Bachmann, B. ^[5]; Bagnoud, V. ^[6]; Barbrel, B. ^[7]; Blažević, A. ^[6];

^[8]; Cayzac, W. ^[6]; Döppner, T. ^[5]; Fletcher, L. B. ^[9]; Frank, A. ^[10]; Frydrych, S. ^[3]; Gamboa, E. J. ^[9]; Gauthier, M. ^[9]; Göde, S. ^[9]; Granados, E. ^[9]; Gregori, G. ^[11]; Hartley, N. J. ^[11] more »

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Max-Planck-Inst. fur Physik komplexer Systeme, Dresden (Germany)
Technische Univ. Darmstadt (Germany). Inst. fur Kernphysik
Univ. of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom). Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, Dept. of Physics
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
GSI-Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (Germany)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Oxford (United Kingdom). Rutherford Appleton Lab. (RAL), Central Laser Facility
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Helmholtz-Inst. Jena, Jena (Germany)
Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics
Queen’s Univ., Belfast (United States). Centre for Plasma Physics

We present measurements of the complex ion structure of warm dense carbon close to the melting line at pressures around 100 GPa. High-pressure samples were created by laser-driven shock compression of graphite and probed by intense laser-generated x-ray sources with photon energies of 4.75 keV and 4.95 keV. High-efficiency crystal spectrometers allow for spectrally resolving the scattered radiation. Comparing the ratio of elastically and inelastically scattered radiation, we find evidence for a complex bonded liquid that is predicted by ab-initio quantum simulations showing the influence of chemical bonds under these conditions. Using graphite samples of different initial densities we demonstrate the capability of spectrally resolved x-ray scattering to monitor the carbon solid-liquid transition at relatively constant pressure of 150 GPa. Finally, showing first single-pulse scattering spectra from cold graphite of unprecedented quality recorded at the Linac Coherent Light Source, we demonstrate the outstanding possibilities for future high-precision measurements at 4th Generation Light Sources.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1466943

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-755891; PHPAEN; 942428

Journal Information:: Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 5; ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 12 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (48)

HELIOS-CR – A 1-D radiation-magnetohydrodynamics code with inline atomic kinetics modeling MacFarlane, J. J.; Golovkin, I. E.; Woodruff, P. R. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Vol. 99, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.05.031	journal	May 2006
Ultrafast Melting of Carbon Induced by Intense Proton Beams Pelka, A.; Gregori, G.; Gericke, D. O. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.265701	journal	December 2010
K-alpha conversion efficiency measurements for X-ray scattering in inertial confinement fusion plasmas Kritcher, A. L.; Neumayer, P.; Urry, M. K. High Energy Density Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.012	journal	May 2007
X-ray scattering by many-particle systems Crowley, B. J. B.; Gregori, G. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/15/1/015014	journal	January 2013
First-principles multiphase equation of state of carbon under extreme conditions Correa, Alfredo A.; Benedict, Lorin X.; Young, David A. Physical Review B, Vol. 78, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.024101	journal	July 2008
High-density carbon ablator experiments on the National Ignition Facility MacKinnon, A. J.; Meezan, N. B.; Ross, J. S. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4876611	journal	May 2014
Theoretical model of x-ray scattering as a dense matter probe Gregori, G.; Glenzer, S. H.; Rozmus, W. Physical Review E, Vol. 67, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.67.026412	journal	February 2003
A POSSIBLE CARBON-RICH INTERIOR IN SUPER-EARTH 55 Cancri e Madhusudhan, Nikku; Lee, Kanani K. M.; Mousis, Olivier The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 759, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/759/2/L40	journal	October 2012
Phase transition and shock-compression parameters to 120 GPa for three types of graphite and for amorphous carbon Gust, W. H. Physical Review B, Vol. 22, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.22.4744	journal	November 1980
The ice layer in Uranus and Neptune—diamonds in the sky? Ross, Marvin Nature, Vol. 292, Issue 5822 https://doi.org/10.1038/292435a0	journal	July 1981
Temperature and density dependence of XANES spectra in warm dense aluminum plasmas Recoules, V.; Mazevet, S. Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.80.064110	journal	August 2009
Difference in X-ray scattering between metallic and non-metallic liquids due to conduction electrons Chihara, J. Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4608/17/2/002	journal	February 1987
Carbon under extreme conditions: Phase boundaries and electronic properties from first-principles theory Correa, A. A.; Bonev, S. A.; Galli, G. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0510489103	journal	January 2006
Ab initiomolecular dynamics for liquid metals Kresse, G.; Hafner, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 47, Issue 1, p. 558-561 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.47.558	journal	January 1993
Hugoniot Data for Carbon at Megabar Pressures Batani, D.; Strati, F.; Stabile, H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.065503	journal	February 2004
Femtosecond Visualization of Lattice Dynamics in Shock-Compressed Matter Milathianaki, D.; Boutet, S.; Williams, G. J. Science, Vol. 342, Issue 6155 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1239566	journal	October 2013
Multiphase equation of state for carbon addressing high pressures and temperatures Benedict, Lorin X.; Driver, Kevin P.; Hamel, Sebastien Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.224109	journal	June 2014
X-Ray Scattering Measurements of Strong Ion-Ion Correlations in Shock-Compressed Aluminum Ma, T.; Döppner, T.; Falcone, R. W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.065001	journal	February 2013
Convective-region geometry as the cause of Uranus' and Neptune's unusual magnetic fields Stanley, Sabine; Bloxham, Jeremy Nature, Vol. 428, Issue 6979 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02376	journal	March 2004
Electronic structure measurements of dense plasmas Gregori, G.; Glenzer, S. H.; Rogers, F. J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1689664	journal	May 2004
Shock-Wave Exploration of the High-Pressure Phases of Carbon Knudson, M. D.; Desjarlais, M. P.; Dolan, D. H. Science, Vol. 322, Issue 5909 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1165278	journal	December 2008
Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J. Computational Materials Science, Vol. 6, Issue 1, p. 15-50 https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-0256(96)00008-0	journal	July 1996
Intrinsic long-range bond-order potential for carbon: Performance in Monte Carlo simulations of graphitization Los, J. H.; Fasolino, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 68, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.68.024107	journal	July 2003
Powder diffraction from solids in the terapascal regime Rygg, J. R.; Eggert, J. H.; Lazicki, A. E. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4766464	journal	November 2012
Superionic and Metallic States of Water and Ammonia at Giant Planet Conditions Cavazzoni, C. Science, Vol. 283, Issue 5398 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5398.44	journal	January 1999
Melting temperature of diamond at ultrahigh pressure Eggert, J. H.; Hicks, D. G.; Celliers, P. M. Nature Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1438	journal	November 2009
Investigation of the solid–liquid phase transition of carbon at 150 GPa with spectrally resolved X-ray scattering Helfrich, J.; Kraus, D.; Ortner, A. High Energy Density Physics, Vol. 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2015.02.003	journal	March 2015
Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 16, p. 11169-11186 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169	journal	October 1996
X-ray scattering from warm dense iron White, S.; Nersisyan, G.; Kettle, B. High Energy Density Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2013.05.015	journal	September 2013
Probing the Complex Ion Structure in Liquid Carbon at 100 GPa Kraus, D.; Vorberger, J.; Gericke, D. O. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.255501	journal	December 2013
Ab initio simulations of hot dense methane during shock experiments Sherman, Benjamin L.; Wilson, Hugh F.; Weeraratne, Dayanthie Physical Review B, Vol. 86, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.224113	journal	December 2012
Ab initio molecular-dynamics simulation of the liquid-metal–amorphous-semiconductor transition in germanium Kresse, G.; Hafner, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 49, Issue 20, p. 14251-14269 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.49.14251	journal	May 1994
Observation of inhibited electron-ion coupling in strongly heated graphite White, T. G.; Vorberger, J.; Brown, C. R. D. Scientific Reports, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00889	journal	November 2012
Ultrafast X-ray Thomson Scattering of Shock-Compressed Matter Kritcher, A. L.; Neumayer, P.; Castor, J. Science, Vol. 322, Issue 5898 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1161466	journal	October 2008
Interior Structure of Neptune: Comparison with Uranus Hubbard, W. B.; Nellis, W. J.; Mitchell, A. C. Science, Vol. 253, Issue 5020 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.253.5020.648	journal	August 1991
Phase diagram of carbon at high pressures and temperatures Grumbach, Matthew P.; Martin, Richard M. Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.15730	journal	December 1996
Ion structure in warm dense matter: Benchmarking solutions of hypernetted-chain equations by first-principle simulations Wünsch, K.; Vorberger, J.; Gericke, D. O. Physical Review E, Vol. 79, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.79.010201	journal	January 2009
Equation of State Measurements of Warm Dense Carbon Using Laser-Driven Shock and Release Technique Falk, K.; Gamboa, E. J.; Kagan, G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.155003	journal	April 2014
The physics basis for ignition using indirect-drive targets on the National Ignition Facility Lindl, John D.; Amendt, Peter; Berger, Richard L. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1578638	journal	February 2004
X-ray Thomson scattering in high energy density plasmas Glenzer, Siegfried H.; Redmer, Ronald Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1625	journal	December 2009
MULTI2D – a computer code for two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics Ramis, R.; Meyer-ter-Vehn, J.; Ramírez, J. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 180, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2008.12.033	journal	June 2009
New experimental platform to study high density laser-compressed matter Gauthier, M.; Fletcher, L. B.; Ravasio, A. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 85, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4896175	journal	November 2014
Equation of state and phase diagram of water at ultrahigh pressures as in planetary interiors French, Martin; Mattsson, Thomas R.; Nettelmann, Nadine Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.054107	journal	February 2009
Interaction of photons with plasmas and liquid metals - photoabsorption and scattering Chihara, Junzo Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/12/3/303	journal	December 1999
Development of a Nomarski-type multi-frame interferometer as a time and space resolving diagnostics for the free electron density of laser-generated plasma Börner, M.; Fils, J.; Frank, A. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3701366	journal	April 2012
Probing warm dense lithium by inelastic X-ray scattering García Saiz, E.; Gregori, G.; Gericke, D. O. Nature Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1103	journal	October 2008
X-ray Thomson scattering on shocked graphite Kraus, D.; Otten, A.; Frank, A. High Energy Density Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2011.11.011	journal	March 2012
Carbon Phase Diagram from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Wang, Xiaofei; Scandolo, Sandro; Car, Roberto Physical Review Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.185701	journal	October 2005

Cited By (6)

Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite Kraus, D.; Ravasio, A.; Gauthier, M. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10970	journal	March 2016
High-pressure chemistry of hydrocarbons relevant to planetary interiors and inertial confinement fusion Kraus, D.; Hartley, N. J.; Frydrych, S. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5017908	journal	May 2018
Multi-keV X-ray area source intensity at SGII laser facility Wang, Rui-rong; An, Hong-hai; Xie, Zhi-yong Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5025255	journal	May 2018
Measurement of ionic structure in isochorically heated graphite from X-ray Thomson scattering Lv, Min; Hu, Zhimin; Hou, Yong Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054088	journal	February 2019
Characterizing the ionization potential depression in dense carbon plasmas with high-precision spectrally resolved x-ray scattering Kraus, D.; Bachmann, B.; Barbrel, B. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aadd6c	journal	November 2018
X-ray scattering measurements on imploding CH spheres at the National Ignition Facility Kraus, D.; Chapman, D. A.; Kritcher, A. L. Physical Review E, Vol. 94, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.94.011202	journal	July 2016

Similar Records

The complex ion structure of warm dense carbon measured by spectrally resolved x-ray scattering

Journal Article · Fri May 15 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Physics of Plasmas · OSTI ID:1466943

Kraus, D.; Barbrel, B.; Falcone, R. W.; +18 more

Investigation of the temperature in dense carbon near the solid-liquid phase transition between 100 GPa and 200 GPa with spectrally resolved X-ray scattering

Journal Article · Mon Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · High Energy Density Physics · OSTI ID:1466943

Helfrich, J.; Vorberger, J.; Frydrych, S.; +18 more

Toward using collective x-ray Thomson scattering to study C–H demixing and hydrogen metallization in warm dense matter conditions

Journal Article · Thu May 11 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Physics of Plasmas · OSTI ID:1466943

Ranjan, D.; Ramakrishna, K.; Voigt, K.; +28 more

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Title: The complex ion structure of warm dense carbon measured by spectrally resolved x-ray scatteringa)

Citation Formats

References (48)

Cited By (6)

Similar Records

Related Subjects