Lithiation of Magnetite (Fe3O4): Analysis Using Isothermal Microcalorimetry and Operando X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Huie, Matthew M.; Bock, David C.; Wang, Lei; Marschilok, Amy C.; Takeuchi, Kenneth J.; Takeuchi, Esther S.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01681

Title: Lithiation of Magnetite (Fe₃O₄): Analysis Using Isothermal Microcalorimetry and Operando X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Journal Article · Thu Apr 26 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01681· OSTI ID:1466641

Huie, Matthew M. ^[1]; Bock, David C. ^[2];

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Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Energy Sciences Directorate
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering. Dept. of Chemistry; Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Energy Sciences Directorate
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering. Dept. of Chemistry

Conversion electrodes, such as magnetite (Fe₃O₄), offer high theoretical capacities (>900 mAh/g) because of multiple electron transfer per metal center. Capacity retention for conversion electrodes has been a challenge in part because of the formation of an insulating surface electrolyte interphase (SEI). This paper provides the first detailed analysis of the lithiation of Fe₃O₄ using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). The measured heat flow was compared with heat contributions predicted from heats of formation for the Faradaic reaction, cell polarization, and entropic contributions. The total measured energy output of the cell (7260 J/g Fe₃O₄) exceeded the heat of reaction predicted for full lithiation of Fe₃O₄ (5508 J/g). During initial lithiation (3.0–0.86 V), the heat flow was successfully modeled using polarization and entropic contributions. Heat flow at lower voltage (0.86–0.03 V) exceeded the predicted values for iron oxide reduction, consistent with heat generation attributable to electrolyte decomposition and surface electrolyte interphase (SEI). Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) indicated that the oxidation state of the Fe centers deviated from predicted values beginning at ~0.86 V, supportive of SEI onset in this voltage range. Finally and thus, these combined results from electrochemistry, IMC, and XAS indicate parasitic reactions consistent with SEI formation at a moderate voltage and illustrate an approach for deconvoluting Faradaic and non-Faradaic contributions to heat, which should be broadly applicable to the study of energy-storage materials and systems.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Mesoscale Transport Properties (m2M)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; SC0012673

OSTI ID:: 1466641

Report Number(s):: BNL-207937-2018-JAAM

Journal Information:: Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Vol. 122, Issue 19; ISSN 1932-7447

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 24 works

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Title: Lithiation of Magnetite (Fe₃O₄): Analysis Using Isothermal Microcalorimetry and Operando X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy