Environmental effects of short‐rotation woody crops for bioenergy: What is and isn't known

Griffiths, Natalie A.; Rau, Benjamin M.; Vaché, Kellie B.; Starr, Gregory; Bitew, Menberu M.; Aubrey, Doug P.; Martin, James A.; Benton, Elizabeth; Jackson, C. Rhett

doi:10.1111/gcbb.12536

Environmental effects of short‐rotation woody crops for bioenergy: What is and isn't known

Journal Article · Wed Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Global Change Biology. Bioenergy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12536· OSTI ID:1462776

^[1]; Rau, Benjamin M. ^[2]; Vaché, Kellie B. ^[3]; Starr, Gregory ^[4]; Bitew, Menberu M. ^[5]; Aubrey, Doug P. ^[6]; Martin, James A. ^[6]; Benton, Elizabeth ^[7]; ^[7]

Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee
USDA Forest Service Savannah River Forestry Sciences Lab Aiken South Carolina
Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon
Department of Biological Sciences University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama
USDA ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center Tucson Arizona
Savannah River Ecology Laboratory University of Georgia Aiken South Carolina, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia
Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia

Abstract

Logging and mill residues are currently the largest sources of woody biomass for bioenergy in the United States, but short‐rotation woody crops (SRWCs) are expected to become a larger contributor to biomass production, primarily on lands marginal for food production. However, there are very few studies on the environmental effects of SRWCs, and most have been conducted at stand rather than at watershed scales. In this manuscript, we review the potential environmental effects of SRWCs relative to current forestry or agricultural practices and best management practices (BMPs) in the southeast United States and identify priorities and constraints for monitoring and modeling these effects. Plot‐scale field studies and a watershed‐scale modeling study found improved water quality with SRWCs compared to agricultural crops. Further, a recent watershed‐scale experiment suggests that conventional forestry BMPs are sufficient to protect water quality from SRWC silvicultural activities, but the duration of these studies is short with respect to travel times of groundwater transporting nitrate to streams. While the effects of SRWC production on carbon (C) and water budgets depend on both soil properties and previous land management, woody crops will typically sequester more C when compared with agricultural crops. The overall C offset by SRWCs will depend on a variety of management practices, the number of rotations, and climate. Effects of SRWCs on biodiversity, especially aquatic organisms, are not well studied, but a meta‐analysis found that bird and mammal biodiversity is lower in SRWC stands than unmanaged forests. Long‐term (i.e., over multiple rotations) water quality, water use, C dynamics, and soil quality studies are needed, as are larger‐scale (i.e., landscape scale) biodiversity studies, to evaluate the potential effects of SRWC production. Such research should couple field measurement and modeling approaches due to the temporal (i.e., multiple rotations) and spatial (i.e., heterogeneous landscape) scaling issues involved with SRWC production.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL), Aiken, SC (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Bioenergy Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Bioenergy Technologies Office (EE-3B)

Contributing Organization:: USDA Forest Service-Savannah River, New Ellenton, SC

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; EM0003622; EM0004391; FC09-07SR22506

OSTI ID:: 1462776

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1829078
OSTI ID: 1572195
OSTI ID: 1462781
OSTI ID: 1474646

Report Number(s):: 18-06--P

Journal Information:: Global Change Biology. Bioenergy, Journal Name: Global Change Biology. Bioenergy Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 11; ISSN 1757-1693

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
aquatic macroinvertebrates
best management practices
bioenergy
carbon/water tradeoffs
hydrologic modeling
soil organic carbon
southeastern United States
terrestrial biodiversity
water quality
woody feedstocks

Environmental effects of short‐rotation woody crops for bioenergy: What is and isn't known

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