Flat-On Secondary Crystals as Effective Blocks To Reduce Ionic Conduction Loss in Polysulfone/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Multilayer Dielectric Films

Huang, Huadong; Chen, Xinyue; Li, Ruipeng; Fukuto, Masafumi; Schuele, Donald E.; Ponting, Michael; Langhe, Deepak; Baer, Eric; Zhu, Lei

doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01037

Flat-On Secondary Crystals as Effective Blocks To Reduce Ionic Conduction Loss in Polysulfone/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Multilayer Dielectric Films

Journal Article · Tue Jul 03 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Macromolecules

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01037· OSTI ID:1462415

Huang, Huadong ^[1]; Chen, Xinyue ^[1]; Li, Ruipeng ^[2]; Fukuto, Masafumi ^[2]; Schuele, Donald E. ^[1]; Ponting, Michael ^[3]; Langhe, Deepak ^[3]; Baer, Eric ^[1]; ^[1]

Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
PolymerPlus, LLC, Valley View, OH (United States)

Recently, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based multilayer films have demonstrated good potential as high energy density, high temperature, and low loss polymer dielectrics for advanced electrical and power applications. However, impurity ion conduction in the PVDF layers can cause significant dielectric loss at high temperatures. In this study, we discovered a facile melt-recrystallization method to suppress ionic conduction loss in polysulfone (PSF)/PVDF 50/50 (v/v) 33-layer films. By use of combined differential scanning calorimetry, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, and simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray diffraction techniques, the underlying mechanism for the suppression of ionic conduction was unraveled. Basically, the growth and hierarchical organization of primary and secondary PVDF crystals confined in 400 nm layers played an important role. When the cooling rate during melt-recrystallization was high (e.g., ≥ 500 °C/min), small and poorly oriented secondary crystals between orderly stacked edge-on primary crystals allowed free transport of impurity ions in PVDF layers. At low to moderate cooling rates (i.e., <100 °C/min), growth of flat-on secondary crystals between the edge-on primary crystalline lamellae blocked the transport of impurity ions, suppressing the dielectric loss from ionic conduction. On the basis of this paper, we propose a modified multilayer coextrusion method with controlled cooling rates to achieve flat-on secondary crystals for the reduction of high temperature dielectric loss in PVDF-based multilayer dielectric films.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1462415

Report Number(s):: BNL-207898-2018-JAAM

Journal Information:: Macromolecules, Journal Name: Macromolecules Journal Issue: 14 Vol. 51; ISSN 0024-9297

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (33)

Annealing effects in poly(vinylidene fluoride) as revealed by specific volume measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, and electron microscopy Nakagawa, Koichi; Ishida, Yoichi Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.180111107	journal	November 1973
Confined crystallization of PVDF and a PVDF-TFE copolymer in nanolayered films Mackey, Matt; Flandin, Lionel; Hiltner, Anne Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 49, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.22375	journal	October 2011
Quench rates in air, water, and liquid nitrogen, and inference of temperature in volcanic eruption columns Xu, Zhengjiu; Zhang, Youxue Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 200, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00656-8	journal	June 2002
Copolymerization of fluorinated monomers: recent developments and future trends Ameduri, B.; Boutevin, B. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, Vol. 104, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1139(00)00227-X	journal	June 2000
Advanced polymeric dielectrics for high energy density applications Huan, Tran Doan; Boggs, Steve; Teyssedre, Gilbert Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 83 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2016.05.001	journal	October 2016
Interfacial polarization and layer thickness effect on electrical insulation in multilayered polysulfone/poly(vinylidene fluoride) films Tseng, Jung-Kai; Tang, Saide; Zhou, Zheng Polymer, Vol. 55, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2013.11.042	journal	January 2014
The effect of confined crystallization on high-density poly(ethylene) lamellar morphology Zhang, Guojun; Lee, Patrick C.; Jenkins, Steve Polymer, Vol. 55, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.027	journal	January 2014
The effect of confined spherulite morphology of high-density polyethylene and polypropylene on their gas barrier properties in multilayered film systems Zhang, Guojun; Lee, Patrick C.; Jenkins, Steve Polymer, Vol. 55, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.07.009	journal	August 2014
Vinylidene fluoride- and trifluoroethylene-containing fluorinated electroactive copolymers. How does chemistry impact properties? Soulestin, Thibaut; Ladmiral, Vincent; Dos Santos, Fabrice Domingues Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 72 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.04.004	journal	September 2017
50th Anniversary Perspective : Dielectric Phenomena in Polymers and Multilayered Dielectric Films Baer, Eric; Zhu, Lei Macromolecules, Vol. 50, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02669	journal	February 2017
Reduction of Ionic Conduction Loss in Multilayer Dielectric Films by Immobilizing Impurity Ions in High Glass Transition Temperature Polymer Layers Huang, Huadong; Chen, Xinyue; Yin, Kezhen ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.7b00211	journal	January 2018
Semicrystalline Structure–Dielectric Property Relationship and Electrical Conduction in a Biaxially Oriented Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Film under High Electric Fields and High Temperatures Yang, Lianyun; Ho, Janet; Allahyarov, Elshad ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b02944	journal	July 2015
Understanding Nonlinear Dielectric Properties in a Biaxially Oriented Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Film at Both Low and High Electric Fields Li, Yue; Ho, Janet; Wang, Jianchuan ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b09368	journal	January 2016
From Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) to the Applications of VDF-Containing Polymers and Copolymers: Recent Developments and Future Trends ^† Ameduri, Bruno Chemical Reviews, Vol. 109, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr800187m	journal	December 2009
Exploring Strategies for High Dielectric Constant and Low Loss Polymer Dielectrics Zhu, Lei The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz501831q	journal	October 2014
Reduction of Dielectric Hysteresis in Multilayered Films via Nanoconfinement Mackey, Matthew; Schuele, Donald E.; Zhu, Lei Macromolecules, Vol. 45, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma202267r	journal	February 2012
Novel Ferroelectric Polymers for High Energy Density and Low Loss Dielectrics Zhu, Lei; Wang, Qing Macromolecules, Vol. 45, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma2024057	journal	February 2012
Confined Crystallization of PEO in Nanolayered Films Impacting Structure and Oxygen Permeability Wang, Haopeng; Keum, Jong K.; Hiltner, Anne Macromolecules, Vol. 42, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma901379f	journal	September 2009
Reorientational Dynamics of Dipoles in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PVDF/PMMA) Blends by Dielectric Spectroscopy Mijovic, Jovan; Sy, Jo-Wing; Kwei, T. K. Macromolecules, Vol. 30, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma961774w	journal	May 1997
Reorientational Dynamics of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends by Broad-Band Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy Sy, Jo Wing; Mijovic, Jovan Macromolecules, Vol. 33, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9907035	journal	January 2000
Enhanced dielectric properties due to space charge-induced interfacial polarization in multilayer polymer films Chen, Xinyue; Tseng, Jung-Kai; Treufeld, Imre J. Mater. Chem. C, Vol. 5, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TC03653A	journal	January 2017
Processing of PVDF-based electroactive/ferroelectric films: importance of PMMA and cooling rate from the melt state on the crystallization of PVDF beta-crystals De Neef, Alexandre; Samuel, Cédric; Stoclet, Grégory Soft Matter, Vol. 14, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SM00268A	journal	January 2018
Layer confinement effect on charge migration in polycarbonate/poly(vinylidene fluorid- co -hexafluoropropylene) multilayered films Mackey, Matthew; Schuele, Donald E.; Zhu, Lei Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 111, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4722348	journal	June 2012
Enhanced breakdown strength of multilayered films fabricated by forced assembly microlayer coextrusion Mackey, Matt; Hiltner, Anne; Baer, Eric Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/17/175304	journal	August 2009
Capacitors Sarjeant, W. J.; Zirnheld, J.; MacDougall, F. W. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 26, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/27.736020	journal	January 1998
The mechanisms leading to the useful electrical properties of polymer nanodielectrics Smith, R.; Liang, C.; Landry, M. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/T-DEI.2008.4446750	journal	January 2008
Polymer nanocomposite dielectrics - the role of the interface Roy, M.; Nelson, J. K.; MacCrone, R. K. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2005.1511089	journal	August 2005
Confined Crystallization of Polyethylene Oxide in Nanolayer Assemblies Wang, H.; Keum, J. K.; Hiltner, A. Science, Vol. 323, Issue 5915 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1164601	journal	February 2009
Ferroelectric Polymers Lovinger, A. J. Science, Vol. 220, Issue 4602 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4602.1115	journal	June 1983
Measurements of Nonlinear Dielectricity in Ferroelectric Polymers Furukawa, Takeo; Nakajima, Kenji; Koizumi, Tomoyoshi Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 26, Issue Part 1, No. 7 https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.26.1039	journal	July 1987
Polymer-Based Dielectrics with High Energy Storage Density Chen, Qin; Shen, Yang; Zhang, Shihai Annual Review of Materials Research, Vol. 45, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070214-021017	journal	July 2015
Effects of Impurity Ions on Electrical Properties of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Oka, Yoshio; Koizumi, Naokazu Polymer Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.14.869	journal	November 1982
Confined crystallization in polymer nanolayered films: A review Carr, Joel M.; Langhe, Deepak S.; Ponting, Michael T. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 27, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2012.17	journal	February 2012