Finding the hidden valence band of N = 7 armchair graphene nanoribbons with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Senkovskiy, Boris V.; Usachov, Dmitry Yu; Fedorov, Alexander V.; Haberer, Danny; Ehlen, Niels; Fischer, Felix R.; Gruneis, Alexander

doi:10.1088/2053-1583/aabb70

Title: Finding the hidden valence band of N = 7 armchair graphene nanoribbons with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Journal Article · Mon Apr 16 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · 2D Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aabb70· OSTI ID:1460343

^[1];

^[2];

^[3]; Haberer, Danny ^[4]; Ehlen, Niels ^[5]; Fischer, Felix R. ^[6];

^[5]

Univ. zu Koln, Koln (Germany); St. Petersburg State Univ., St. Petersburg (Russia)
St. Petersburg State Univ., St. Petersburg (Russia)
St. Petersburg State Univ., St. Petersburg (Russia); IFW-Dresden, HelmholtzstraBe (Germany)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. zu Koln, Koln (Germany)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

To understand the optical and transport properties of graphene nanoribbons, an unambiguous determination of their electronic band structure is needed. In this work we demonstrate that the photoemission intensity of each valence sub-band, formed due to the quantum confinement in quasi-one-dimensional (1D) graphene nanoribbons, is a peaked function of the two-dimensional (2D) momentum. We resolve the long-standing discrepancy regarding the valence band effective mass (m*_VB) of armchair graphene nanoribbons with a width of N = 7 carbon atoms (7-AGNRs). In particular, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy report m*_VB ≈0.2 and ≈0.4 of the free electron mass (m_e), respectively. ARPES mapping in the full 2D momentum space identifies the experimental conditions for obtaining a large intensity for each of the three highest valence 1D sub-bands. Our detail map reveals that previous ARPES experiments have incorrectly assigned the second sub-band as the frontier one. The correct frontier valence sub-band for 7-AGNRs is only visible in a narrow range of emission angles. For this band we obtain an ARPES derived effective mass of 0.4 m_e, a charge carrier velocity in the linear part of the band of 0.63 x 10⁶ m s^-1 and an energy separation of only ≈60 meV to the second sub-band. Lastly, our results are of importance not only for the growing research field of graphene nanoribbons but also for the community, which studies quantum confined systems.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1460343

Journal Information:: 2D Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 3; ISSN 2053-1583

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 19 works

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
graphene
nanoribbons
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