Secondary sulfate is internally mixed with sea spray aerosol and organic aerosol in the winter Arctic

Kirpes, Rachel M.; Bondy, Amy L.; Bonanno, Daniel; Moffet, Ryan C.; Wang, Bingbing; Laskin, Alexander; Ault, Andrew P.; Pratt, Kerri A.

doi:10.5194/acp-18-3937-2018

Title: Secondary sulfate is internally mixed with sea spray aerosol and organic aerosol in the winter Arctic

Journal Article · Tue Mar 20 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3937-2018· OSTI ID:1459707

; Bondy, Amy L.; Bonanno, Daniel; Moffet, Ryan C.; Wang, Bingbing;

;

Abstract. Few measurements of aerosol chemical composition have been made during the winter–spring transition (following polar sunrise) to constrain Arctic aerosol–cloud–climate feedbacks. Herein, we report the first measurements of individual particle chemical composition near Utqiagvik (Barrow),Alaska, in winter (seven sample days in January and February 2014). Individual particles were analyzed by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (CCSEM-EDX, 24847particles), Raman microspectroscopy (300 particles), and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (STXM-NEXAFS, 290 particles). Sea spray aerosol (SSA) was observed in all samples, with fresh and aged SSA comprising 99%, by number, of 2.5–7.5µmdiameter particles, 65–95% from 0.5–2.5µm, and50–60% from 0.1–0.5µm, indicating SSA is the dominant contributor to accumulation and coarse-mode aerosol during the winter. The aged SSA particles were characterized by reduced chlorine content with94%, by number, internally mixed with secondary sulfate (39%, by number, internally mixed with both nitrate and sulfate), indicative of multiphase aging reactions during transport. There was a large number fraction (40% of 1.0–4.0µm diameter particles) of aged SSA during periods when particles were transported from near Prudhoe Bay,consistent with pollutant emissions from the oil fields participating in atmospheric processing of aerosol particles. Organic carbon and sulfate particles were observed in all samples and comprised 40–50%, by number,of 0.1–0.4µm diameter particles, indicative of Arctic haze influence. Soot was internally mixed with organic and sulfate components. All sulfate was mixed with organic carbon or SSA particles. In conclusion, aerosol sources in the Alaskan Arctic and resulting aerosol chemical mixing states need to be considered when predicting aerosol climate effects, particularly cloud formation, in the winter Arctic.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0008643; AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1459707

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1502416

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-136257

Journal Information:: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online), Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) Vol. 18 Journal Issue: 6; ISSN 1680-7324

Publisher:: Copernicus Publications, EGUCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 44 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (83)

The complex response of Arctic aerosol to sea-ice retreat Browse, J.; Carslaw, K. S.; Mann, G. W. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7543-2014	journal	January 2014
Particulate trimethylamine in the summertime Canadian high Arctic lower troposphere Köllner, Franziska; Schneider, Johannes; Willis, Megan D. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13747-2017	journal	January 2017
Influence of crustal dust and sea spray supermicron particle concentrations and acidity on inorganic NO ₃ ⁻ aerosol during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study Allen, H. M.; Draper, D. C.; Ayres, B. R. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10669-2015	journal	January 2015
Fractionation of inorganic nitrates in winter Arctic troposphere: Coarse aerosol particles containing inorganic nitrates Hara, Keiichiro; Osada, Kazuo; Hayashi, Masahiko Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 104, Issue D19 https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900348	journal	October 1999
Importance of aerosol composition and mixing state for cloud droplet activation over the Arctic pack ice in summer Leck, C.; Svensson, E. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2545-2015	journal	January 2015
Comparison of the radiative properties and direct radiative effect of aerosols from a global aerosol model and remote sensing data over ocean Myhre, Gunnar; Bellouin, Nicolas; Berglen, Tore F. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00238.x	journal	January 2007
Polar amplification of climate change in coupled models Holland, M. M.; Bitz, C. M. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 21, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-003-0332-6	journal	September 2003
Chlorine, Bromine AND Iodine in arctic aerosols Sturges, W. T.; Barrie, L. A. Atmospheric Environment (1967), Vol. 22, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(88)90349-6	journal	January 1988
Single-Particle Characterization of Summertime Arctic Aerosols Collected at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Geng, Hong; Ryu, JiYeon; Jung, Hae-Jin Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 44, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/es903268j	journal	April 2010
Reactions at Interfaces As a Source of Sulfate Formation in Sea-Salt Particles Laskin, A. Science, Vol. 301, Issue 5631 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1085374	journal	July 2003
Atmospheric inorganic chlorine and bromine species in Arctic boundary layer of the winter/spring Hara, Keiichiro Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, Issue D18 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001008	journal	January 2002
Single-particle investigation of summertime and wintertime Antarctic sea spray aerosols using low- Z particle EPMA, Raman microspectrometry, and ATR-FTIR imaging techniques Eom, Hyo-Jin; Gupta, Dhrubajyoti; Cho, Hye-Rin Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13823-2016	journal	January 2016
Single-Particle SEM-EDX Analysis of Iron-Containing Coarse Particulate Matter in an Urban Environment: Sources and Distribution of Iron within Cleveland, Ohio Ault, Andrew P.; Peters, Thomas M.; Sawvel, Eric J. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 46, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/es204006k	journal	April 2012
Automated Chemical Analysis of Internally Mixed Aerosol Particles Using X-ray Spectromicroscopy at the Carbon K-Edge ^† Moffet, Ryan C.; Henn, Tobias; Laskin, Alexander Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 82, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac1012909	journal	October 2010
Aerosol characteristics of Arctic haze sampled during AGASP-II Parungo, Farn P.; Nagamoto, Clarence T.; Sheridan, Patrick J. Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(90)90296-Y	journal	January 1990
A 3-year record of simultaneously measured aerosol chemical and optical properties at Barrow, Alaska: CHEMICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES AT BARROW, ALASKA Quinn, P. K.; Miller, T. L.; Bates, T. S. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 107, Issue D11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001248	journal	June 2002
Vertical variations of sea-salt modification in the boundary layer of spring Arctic during the ASTAR 2000 campaign Hara, K.; Osada, K.; Nishita, C. Tellus B, Vol. 54, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2002.201253.x	journal	September 2002
Chemical composition and sources of aerosol particles at Zeppelin Mountain (Ny Ålesund, Svalbard): An electron microscopy study Weinbruch, Stephan; Wiesemann, David; Ebert, Martin Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 49 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.008	journal	March 2012
Characteristics, sources, and transport of aerosols measured in spring 2008 during the aerosol, radiation, and cloud processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) Project Brock, C. A.; Cozic, J.; Bahreini, R. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2423-2011	journal	January 2011
Tropospheric chemistry of internally mixed sea salt and organic particles: Surprising reactivity of NaCl with weak organic acids: MIXED SEA SALT/ORGANICS PARTICLES Laskin, Alexander; Moffet, Ryan C.; Gilles, Mary K. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 117, Issue D15 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017743	journal	August 2012
Single-particle characterization of the high-Arctic summertime aerosol Sierau, B.; Chang, R. Y. -W.; Leck, C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7409-2014	journal	January 2014
The influence of winter cloud on summer sea ice in the Arctic, 1983-2013: Winter Clouds Influence Summer Sea Ice Letterly, Aaron; Key, Jeffrey; Liu, Yinghui Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 121, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024316	journal	March 2016
Simulating the impact of sea salt on global nss sulphate aerosols Gong, S. L. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue D16 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003181	journal	January 2003
Arctic amplification dominated by temperature feedbacks in contemporary climate models Pithan, Felix; Mauritsen, Thorsten Nature Geoscience, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2071	journal	February 2014
Inside versus Outside: Ion Redistribution in Nitric Acid Reacted Sea Spray Aerosol Particles as Determined by Single Particle Analysis Ault, Andrew P.; Guasco, Timothy L.; Ryder, Olivia S. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja407117x	journal	September 2013
Arctic Air Pollution: Origins and Impacts Law, K. S.; Stohl, A. Science, Vol. 315, Issue 5818 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1137695	journal	March 2007
Using Raman Microspectroscopy to Determine Chemical Composition and Mixing State of Airborne Marine Aerosols over the Pacific Ocean Deng, Chunhua; Brooks, Sarah D.; Vidaurre, German Aerosol Science and Technology, Vol. 48, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2013.867297	journal	December 2013
Future emissions from shipping and petroleum activities in the Arctic Peters, G. P.; Nilssen, T. B.; Lindholt, L. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5305-2011	journal	January 2011
Resolving the internal structure of individual atmospheric aerosol particle by the combination of Atomic Force Microscopy, ESEM–EDX, Raman and ToF–SIMS imaging Sobanska, S.; Falgayrac, G.; Rimetz-Planchon, J. Microchemical Journal, Vol. 114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2013.12.007	journal	May 2014
Formation of nitrate and non-sea-salt sulfate on coarse particles Zhuang, Hong; Chan, Chak K.; Fang, Ming Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 33, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00186-7	journal	November 1999
Long-term trends of black carbon and sulphate aerosol in the Arctic: changes in atmospheric transport and source region emissions Hirdman, D.; Burkhart, J. F.; Sodemann, H. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9351-2010	journal	January 2010
Substitution of chloride in sea-salt particles by inorganic and organic anions Kerminen, Veli-Matti; Teinilä, Kimmo; Hillamo, Risto Journal of Aerosol Science, Vol. 29, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(98)00002-0	journal	September 1998
When will the summer Arctic be nearly sea ice free?: OVERLAND AND WANG: SEA ICE-FREE ARCTIC Overland, James E.; Wang, Muyin Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50316	journal	May 2013
Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry: Spectroscopic and Microscopic Advances Ault, Andrew P.; Axson, Jessica L. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 89, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04670	journal	November 2016
Effect of Prudhoe Bay emissions on atmospheric aerosol growth events observed in Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska Kolesar, Katheryn R.; Cellini, Jillian; Peterson, Peter K. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 152 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.12.019	journal	March 2017
Scanning supersaturation condensation particle counter applied as a nano-CCN counter for size-resolved analysis of the hygroscopicity and chemical composition of nanoparticles Wang, Z.; Su, H.; Wang, X. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2161-2015	journal	January 2015
Changes in precipitating snow chemistry with location and elevation in the California Sierra Nevada: SIERRA NEVADA SNOW CHEMISTRY CHANGES Creamean, Jessie M.; Axson, Jessica L.; Bondy, Amy L. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 121, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024700	journal	June 2016
Transported Mineral Dust Deposition Case Study at a Hydrologically Sensitive Mountain Site: Size and Composition Shifts in Ambient Aerosol and Snowpack Jessica L. Axson, Jessica L. Axson; Shen, Hongru; Amy L. Bondy, Amy L. Bondy Aerosol and Air Quality Research, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2015.05.0346	journal	January 2016
Sources, distribution, and acidity of sulfate–ammonium aerosol in the Arctic in winter–spring Fisher, Jenny A.; Jacob, Daniel J.; Wang, Qiaoqiao Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 45, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.030	journal	December 2011
Individual particle analyses of arctic aerosol samples collected during AGASP-III Parungo, Farn; Nagamoto, Clarence; Herbert, Gary Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics, Vol. 27, Issue 17-18 https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90314-O	journal	December 1993
Current model capabilities for simulating black carbon and sulfate concentrations in the Arctic atmosphere: a multi-model evaluation using a comprehensive measurement data set Eckhardt, S.; Quennehen, B.; Olivié, D. J. L. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9413-2015	journal	January 2015
Increased Arctic cloud longwave emissivity associated with pollution from mid-latitudes Garrett, Timothy J.; Zhao, Chuanfeng Nature, Vol. 440, Issue 7085 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04636	journal	April 2006
Application of the variability-size relationship to atmospheric aerosol studies: estimating aerosol lifetimes and ages Williams, J.; de Reus, M.; Krejci, R. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2-133-2002	journal	January 2002
Physical properties of ambient and laboratory-generated secondary organic aerosol: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC AEROSOL O'Brien, Rachel E.; Neu, Alexander; Epstein, Scott A. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060219	journal	June 2014
Sea salt aerosols as a reactive surface for inorganic and organic acidic gases in the Arctic troposphere Chi, J. W.; Li, W. J.; Zhang, D. Z. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11341-2015	journal	January 2015
Quantitative Time-Resolved Monitoring of Nitrate Formation in Sea Salt Particles Using a CCSEM/EDX Single Particle Analysis Laskin, Alexander; Iedema, Martin J.; Cowin, James P. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 36, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/es020551k	journal	December 2002
Size-segregated compositional analysis of aerosol particles collected in the European Arctic during the ACCACIA campaign Young, G.; Jones, H. M.; Darbyshire, E. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4063-2016	journal	January 2016
The aerosol at Barrow, Alaska: long-term trends and source locations Polissar, A. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 33, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00423-3	journal	July 1999
Chemistry and Related Properties of Freshly Emitted Sea Spray Aerosol Quinn, Patricia K.; Collins, Douglas B.; Grassian, Vicki H. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500713g	journal	February 2015
Surfactant effect on cloud condensation nuclei for two-component internally mixed aerosols: CCN ACTIVITY OF SURFACTANTS Petters, Sarah Suda; Petters, Markus Dirk Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 121, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024090	journal	February 2016
A single parameter representation of hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nucleus activity Petters, M. D.; Kreidenweis, S. M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1961-2007	journal	January 2007
Size-resolved morphological properties of the high Arctic summer aerosol during ASCOS-2008 Hamacher-Barth, Evelyne; Leck, Caroline; Jansson, Kjell Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6577-2016	journal	January 2016
Contributions of transported Prudhoe Bay oil field emissions to the aerosol population in Utqiaġvik, Alaska Gunsch, Matthew J.; Kirpes, Rachel M.; Kolesar, Katheryn R. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10879-2017	journal	January 2017
Do anthropogenic aerosols enhance or suppress the surface cloud forcing in the Arctic? Alterskjær, K.; Kristjánsson, J. E.; Hoose, C. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue D22 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014015	journal	January 2010
Microscopic characterization of carbonaceous aerosol particle aging in the outflow from Mexico City Moffet, R. C.; Henn, T. R.; Tivanski, A. V. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-961-2010	journal	January 2010
The effect of sea ice loss on sea salt aerosol concentrations and the radiative balance in the Arctic Struthers, H.; Ekman, A. M. L.; Glantz, P. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3459-2011	journal	January 2011
Measurements of nitrogen oxides at Barrow, Alaska during spring: Evidence for regional and northern hemispheric sources of pollution Jaffe, D. A.; Honrath, R. E.; Herring, J. A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 96, Issue D4 https://doi.org/10.1029/91JD00065	journal	January 1991
Impact of marine biogeochemistry on the chemical mixing state and cloud forming ability of nascent sea spray aerosol: SEA SPRAY MIXING STATE AND CCN ACTIVITY Collins, Douglas B.; Ault, Andrew P.; Moffet, Ryan C. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 118, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50598	journal	August 2013
Vertical Profiles and Chemical Properties of Aerosol Particles upon Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard Islands) Moroni, B.; Becagli, S.; Bolzacchini, E. Advances in Meteorology, Vol. 2015 https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/292081	journal	January 2015
Individual particle characteristics of North African dust under different long-range transport scenarios Coz, Esther; Gómez-Moreno, Francisco J.; Pujadas, Manuel Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 43, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.045	journal	April 2009
Concentration trends and mixing states of particulate oxalate in Arctic boundary layer in winter/spring Hara, Keiichiro Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, Issue D19 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001584	journal	January 2002
Chemical composition and sources of the high Arctic aerosol relevant for cloud formation Leck, Caroline Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, Issue D12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001463	journal	January 2002
A global model study of processes controlling aerosol size distributions in the Arctic spring and summer Korhonen, Hannele; Carslaw, Kenneth S.; Spracklen, Dominick V. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue D8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009114	journal	January 2008
Sea spray aerosol as a unique source of ice nucleating particles DeMott, Paul J.; Hill, Thomas C. J.; McCluskey, Christina S. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514034112	journal	December 2015
Analysis of individual environmental particles using modern methods of electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis Laskin, A.; Cowin, J. P.; Iedema, M. J. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, Vol. 150, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2005.06.008	journal	February 2006
Contribution of sea surface carbon pool to organic matter enrichment in sea spray aerosol Quinn, Patricia K.; Bates, Timothy S.; Schulz, Kristen S. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2092	journal	February 2014
Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosols Prather, Kimberly A.; Hatch, Courtney D.; Grassian, Vicki H. Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.113030	journal	July 2008
Kinetic Study of Heterogeneous Reaction of Deliquesced NaCl Particles with Gaseous HNO ₃ Using Particle-on-Substrate Stagnation Flow Reactor Approach Liu, Y.; Cain, J. P.; Wang, H. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 111, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp072005p	journal	October 2007
Clouds and Aerosols Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.016	book	June 2014
Elevated Concentrations of Lead in Particulate Matter on the Neighborhood-Scale in Delhi, India As Determined by Single Particle Analysis Shen, Hongru; Peters, Thomas M.; Casuccio, Gary S. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 50, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b06202	journal	May 2016
Chemical components of lower tropospheric aerosols in the high arctic: Six years of observations Barrie, L. A.; Barrie, M. J. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00118349	journal	October 1990
Direct Observation of Heterogeneous Chemistry in the Atmosphere Gard, E. E. Science, Vol. 279, Issue 5354 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5354.1184	journal	February 1998
Mixing states of individual aerosol particles in spring Arctic troposphere during ASTAR 2000 campaign Hara, K. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue D7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002513	journal	January 2003
Sources of aerosol sulphate at Alert: Apportionment using stable isotopes Norman, A. L.; Barrie, L. A.; Toom-Sauntry, D. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 104, Issue D9 https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900078	journal	May 1999
Heterogeneous Reactivity of Nitric Acid with Nascent Sea Spray Aerosol: Large Differences Observed between and within Individual Particles Ault, Andrew P.; Guasco, Timothy L.; Baltrusaitis, Jonas The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz5008802	journal	July 2014
Morphochemical characteristics and mixing state of long range transported wildfire particles at Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard Islands) Moroni, Beatrice; Cappelletti, David; Crocchianti, Stefano Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 156 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.037	journal	May 2017
Arctic lower tropospheric aerosol trends and composition at Alert, Canada: 1980-1995 Sirois, Alain; Barrie, Leonard A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 104, Issue D9 https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900077	journal	May 1999
Size-Dependent Changes in Sea Spray Aerosol Composition and Properties with Different Seawater Conditions Ault, Andrew P.; Moffet, Ryan C.; Baltrusaitis, Jonas Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 47, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/es400416g	journal	May 2013
Importance of aerosol composition, mixing state, and morphology for heterogeneous ice nucleation: A combined field and laboratory approach: HETEROGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION Baustian, Kelly J.; Cziczo, Daniel J.; Wise, Matthew E. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 117, Issue D6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016784	journal	March 2012
Raman microspectroscopy and vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy as probes of the bulk and surface compositions of size-resolved sea spray aerosol particles Ault, Andrew P.; Zhao, Defeng; Ebben, Carlena J. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp43899f	journal	January 2013
Multiyear study of the dependence of sea salt aerosol on wind speed and sea ice conditions in the coastal Arctic: ARCTIC SEA SALT AEROSOL May, N. W.; Quinn, P. K.; McNamara, S. M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 121, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025273	journal	August 2016
Chemical characterization of individual particles and residuals of cloud droplets and ice crystals collected on board research aircraft in the ISDAC 2008 study: ISDAC CLOUD PARTICLE RESIDUALS Hiranuma, N.; Brooks, S. D.; Moffet, R. C. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 118, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50484	journal	June 2013
Arctic organic aerosol measurements show particles from mixed combustion in spring haze and from frost flowers in winter: ARCTIC ORGANIC AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS Shaw, P. M.; Russell, L. M.; Jefferson, A. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 37, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL042831	journal	May 2010

Figures / Tables (6)

Similar Records

Contributions of transported Prudhoe Bay oil field emissions to the aerosol population in Utqiagvik, Alaska

Journal Article · Thu Sep 14 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) · OSTI ID:1459707

Gunsch, Matthew J.; Kirpes, Rachel M.; Kolesar, Katheryn R.; +7 more

Marine boundary layer aerosol in the eastern North Atlantic: seasonal variations and key controlling processes

Journal Article · Wed Dec 12 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) · OSTI ID:1459707

Zheng, Guangjie; Wang, Yang; Aiken, Allison C.; +9 more

The diverse chemical mixing state of aerosol particles in the southeastern United States

Journal Article · Thu Aug 30 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) · OSTI ID:1459707

Bondy, Amy L.; Bonanno, Daniel; Moffet, Ryan C.; +3 more

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Title: Secondary sulfate is internally mixed with sea spray aerosol and organic aerosol in the winter Arctic

Citation Formats

References (83)

Figures / Tables (6)

Similar Records

Related Subjects